gloss later - anyone know the story?
Lassimğaty tučimiin laitiin ude enk šut krö.
One day, two men set out together on the road.
Keirdatuŋ syyr tučimr iipiin. Keirdatu jet laoč baax, mot kal baax.
They bought some provisions for the journey. One bought cheese and bread, the other fish and bread.
Juiğatunu krör čurma laočr kierduzt mok ani “beljajastö tuus kal. sa beljajasnö ğuus kal jaahiin?”
On the road, the one who had bought cheese asked the other, “You people eat a lot of fish. Why do you eat so much fish?”
Ani “jöeza kal, kanuunuučlen - beljajanö tuus kal na čuriin”
If you eat fish, you become more intelligent — that’s why we eat a lot of fish.
Ani “hoza ntöp ewwa kalhar!”
If that’s so, then give me a little of your fish!
Ani “šil, njadepisiti” nufoinatu mot, kagoliatu ewwa ŋan, nupsatu.
“Very well, I’ll give you some,” said the other, and he cut off a bit of the head and gave it to him.
Ani “sitten halma?” ani “vi gor”.
“How much is the price?” “One pound.”
Ani “šil”, nusuilatu gor.
“Very well,” and he paid the pound.
Juiğatunu ami krölčuirma jet šur diin kalr xkeirduz ani “sitten suilha kalr iipiin?” ani “vi gor”.
A bit later, as they continued on their way, the first man asked the one from whom he had bought the fish, “How much did you pay for the fish?” “I bought it for one pound.”
Ani “Ama! Ntruoipha ŋan vi gor, dži džuz iipiinhar!”
“Hey! You sold me the head for one pound, and the rest was left for you!”
Ani “Začexha? Tiihilha ŋan kaenuučle ğitten! Jöeğza kal, sujlu keöbtr?”
“You see! You licked the head and you’ve become so intelligent! If you had eaten the fish, who knows what you might have become!”
One day, two men set out together on the road.
Keirdatuŋ syyr tučimr iipiin. Keirdatu jet laoč baax, mot kal baax.
They bought some provisions for the journey. One bought cheese and bread, the other fish and bread.
Juiğatunu krör čurma laočr kierduzt mok ani “beljajastö tuus kal. sa beljajasnö ğuus kal jaahiin?”
On the road, the one who had bought cheese asked the other, “You people eat a lot of fish. Why do you eat so much fish?”
Ani “jöeza kal, kanuunuučlen - beljajanö tuus kal na čuriin”
If you eat fish, you become more intelligent — that’s why we eat a lot of fish.
Ani “hoza ntöp ewwa kalhar!”
If that’s so, then give me a little of your fish!
Ani “šil, njadepisiti” nufoinatu mot, kagoliatu ewwa ŋan, nupsatu.
“Very well, I’ll give you some,” said the other, and he cut off a bit of the head and gave it to him.
Ani “sitten halma?” ani “vi gor”.
“How much is the price?” “One pound.”
Ani “šil”, nusuilatu gor.
“Very well,” and he paid the pound.
Juiğatunu ami krölčuirma jet šur diin kalr xkeirduz ani “sitten suilha kalr iipiin?” ani “vi gor”.
A bit later, as they continued on their way, the first man asked the one from whom he had bought the fish, “How much did you pay for the fish?” “I bought it for one pound.”
Ani “Ama! Ntruoipha ŋan vi gor, dži džuz iipiinhar!”
“Hey! You sold me the head for one pound, and the rest was left for you!”
Ani “Začexha? Tiihilha ŋan kaenuučle ğitten! Jöeğza kal, sujlu keöbtr?”
“You see! You licked the head and you’ve become so intelligent! If you had eaten the fish, who knows what you might have become!”
I read Dumézil front & back young lady
before it was cool
before it was cool
oh no dumézil is cool now? people will think i'm mainstream!
faaxe something something something ö whatever
Manå śe dèćleze hane si łajiguzå.
[manɒ ɕə dɛtɕʎəzə hanə si lajiɡuzɒ]
Manåperson.NOM.D śeDEF dèćlezeroad.LOC.S haneonce sigo łaji-together-guINCH-zå.-3D.A
One day, two men set out together on the road.
Sånå kodźe vuthu śe hiaǧeře kadźezå. Viene mieji ńê sèli kadźeje, hame śe mane kåźi ńê sèli kadźeje.
[sɒnɒ kɔdʑə ʋutʰu ɕə hi̯aɰəɹə kadʑəzɒ ‖ ʋi̯enə mi̯eji ɲeː sɛʎi kadʑəjə hamə ɕə manə kɒʑi ɲeː sɛʎi kadʑəjə]
Sånå3D.A.NOM kodźesome_quantity vuthuprovision.ACC.P śeDEF hiaǧeřetrip.DAT.S kadźebuy-zå.-3D.A VieneINDF.NOM.S miejicheese.ACC.S ńêand sèlibread.ACC.S kadźebuy-je,-NOM.3S.A hameother śeDEF maneperson.NOM.S kåźifish.ACC.S ńêand sèlibread.ACC.S kadźebuy-je.-NOM.3S.A
They bought some provisions for the journey. One bought cheese and bread, the other fish and bread.
"Ha dzème kåźi ćènî. Ha juge dzème kåźi ću ćènîpa?", mieji kadźe śe viene hame śe måji dèćleze cyje.
[ha dzɛmə kɒʑi tɕɛniː ha juɡə dzɛmə kɒʑi tɕu tɕɛniːpa | mi̯eji kadʑə ɕə ʋi̯enə hamə ɕə mɒji dɛtɕʎəzə tsyjə]
"Ha2P.NOM dzèmemuch kåźifish.ACC.S ćèeat-nî.-NOM.2P Ha2P.NOM jugeEMPH dzèmemuch kåźifish.ACC.S ćuwhy ćèeat-nî-NOM.2P-pa?",=INT miejicheese.ACC.S kadźebuy śeDEF vieneINDF.NOM.S hameother śeDEF måjiperson.ACC.S dèćlezeroad.LOC.S cyask-je.-NOM.3S.A
On the road, the one who had bought cheese asked the other, “You people eat a lot of fish. Why do you eat so much fish?”
"Viene kåźi ćèjevå śy viene joe śiaji jêjevå — va dzème kåźi dałe ćèdî śe tuźi dune cèřo."
[ʋi̯enə kɒʑi tɕɛjəʋɒ ɕy ʋi̯enə jɔə ɕi̯aji jeːjəʋɒ ‖ ʋa dzɛmə kɒʑi dalə tɕɛdiː ɕə tuʑi dunə tsɛɹɔ]
"VieneINDF.NOM.S kåźifish.ACC.S ćèeat-je-NOM.3S.A-vå-SUBJ śyif vieneINDF.NOM.S joemore śiajiintelligent jêbecome-je-NOM.3S.A-vå —-SUBJ va1P.NOM dzèmemuch kåźifish.ACC.S dałe3S.B.GEN ćèeat-dî-NOM.1P śeDEF tuźireason.ACC.S dune3S.C.NOM cèbe-řo."-NOM.3S.C
"If you eat fish, you become more intelligent — that’s why we eat a lot of fish."
"Dune cèřovå śy tèře ńiełe karegŷ tuo!"
[dunə tsɛɹɔʋɒ ɕy tɛɹə ɲi̯elə karəɡyː tu̯o]
"Dune3S.C.NOM cèbe-řo-NOM.3S.C-vå-SUBJ śyif tèře1S.DAT ńiełeless_of karefish-gŷ-2S.ACC.S tuo!"give
"If that’s so, then give me a little of your fish!"
"Da, ta nèře kodźe kåźi tuota", hame śe mane joje ńê dène ńiełe śe tôji jymaleje ńê dèře dê tuoje.
[da ta nɛɹə kɔdʑə kɒʑi tu̯ota | hamə ɕə manə jɔjə ɲeː dɛnə ɲi̯elə ɕə toːji jymaləjə ɲeː dɛɹə deː tu̯ojə]
"Da,okay ta1S.NOM nèře2S.DAT kodźesome_quantity kåźifish.ACC.S tuogive-ta",-NOM.1S.DAT.2 hameother śeDEF maneperson.NOM.S josay-je-NOM.3S.A ńêand dène3S.A.NOM ńiełeless_of śeDEF tôjihead.ACC.S jy-away-malecut-je-NOM.3S.A ńêand dèře3S.A.DAT dê3S.B.ACC tuogive-je.-NOM.3S.A
“Very well, I’ll give you some,” said the other, and he cut off a bit of the head and gave it to him.
"Ćane śe juodzi cèřepa?" "Vie påźi."
[tɕanə ɕə ju̯odzi tsɛɹəpa ‖ ʋi̯e pɒʑi]
"Ćanewhat śeDEF juodziprice.ACC.S cèbe-ře-NOM.3S.B-pa?"=INT "Vie1.CARD påźi."coin.ACC.S
“How much is the price?” “One pound.”
"Da", ńê dène śe påźi habije.
[da | ɲeː dɛnə ɕə pɒʑi habijə]
"Da",okay ńêand dène3S.A.NOM śeDEF påźicoin.ACC.S habipay-je.-NOM.3S.A
“Very well,” and he paid the pound.
Sånå hyagejoze tokhuzå mya, "Na ćê kèrełe habinepa?", vètu śe mane dène śe kåźi dèci kadźeje śe vî źire cèji cyje. "Ta dœ vie pèeva kadźede."
[sɒnɒ hy̯aɡəjɔzə tɔkʰuzɒ my̯a | na tɕeː kɛrələ habinəpa | ʋɛtu ɕə manə dɛnə ɕə kɒʑi dɛtsi kadʑəjə ɕə ʋiː ʑirə tsɛji tsyjə ‖ ta døː ʋi̯e pɛəʋa kadʑədə]
Sånå3D.A.NOM hyagetrip.LOC-joze-POSS.3D.A.LOC.S tokhucontinue-zå-NOM.3D.A mya,while "Na2S.NOM ćêwhat.ACC.S kèrełefish.GEN.S habipay-ne-NOM.2S-pa?",=INT vètu1.ORD śeDEF maneperson.NOM.S dène3S.A.NOM śeDEF kåźifish.ACC.S dèci3S.A.ABL kadźebuy-je-NOM.3S.A śeDEF vîINDF.ACC.S źireslightly cèjilater cyask-je.-NOM.3S.A "Ta1S.NOM dœ3S.A.ACC vie1.CARD pèevacoin.INST.S kadźebuy-de."-NOM.1S
A bit later, as they continued on their way, the first man asked the one from whom he had bought the fish, “How much did you pay for the fish?” “I bought it for one pound.”
"Vœ! Na tèře śe tôji vie pèeva mulinè ńê śe rute nère sidzevo cuře!"
[ʋøː ‖ na tɛɹə ɕə toːji ʋi̯e pɛəʋa muʎinɛ ɲeː ɕə rutə nɛrə sidzəʋɔ tsuɹə]
"Vœ!EXCL Na2S.NOM tèře1S.DAT śeDEF tôjihead.ACC.S vie1.CARD pèevacoin.INST.S mulisell-nè-NOM.2S.DAT.1 ńêand śeDEF ruteremainder.NOM.S nèře2S.DAT sidze-to_back-voput cuPAS.DYN-ře!"-NOM.3S.B
“Hey! You sold me the head for one pound, and the rest was left for you!”
"Na lène! Na śe tôji vaǧene ńê na juge śiaji jêne! Na śe kåźi ćènevå śy ća mane na jê ciajeci śijevå!"
[na ʎɛnə ‖ na ɕə toːji ʋaɰənə ɲeː na juɡə ɕi̯aji jeːnə ‖ na ɕə kɒʑi tɕɛnəʋɒ ɕy tɕa manə na jeː tsi̯ajətsi ɕijəʋɒ]
"Na2S.NOM lèsee-ne!-NOM.2S Na2S.NOM śeDEF tôjihead.ACC.S vaǧelick-ne-NOM.2S ńêand na2S.NOM jugeEMPH śiajiintelligent jêbecome-ne!-NOM.2S Na2S.NOM śeDEF kåźifish.ACC.S ćèeat-ne-NOM.2S-vå-SUBJ śyif ćawhat maneperson.NOM.S na2S.NOM jêbecome ciamay-jeci-PAT.ACC.S śiknow-je-NOM.3S.A-vå!"-SUBJ
“You see! You licked the head and you’ve become so intelligent! If you had eaten the fish, who knows what you might have become!”
[manɒ ɕə dɛtɕʎəzə hanə si lajiɡuzɒ]
Manåperson.NOM.D śeDEF dèćlezeroad.LOC.S haneonce sigo łaji-together-guINCH-zå.-3D.A
One day, two men set out together on the road.
Sånå kodźe vuthu śe hiaǧeře kadźezå. Viene mieji ńê sèli kadźeje, hame śe mane kåźi ńê sèli kadźeje.
[sɒnɒ kɔdʑə ʋutʰu ɕə hi̯aɰəɹə kadʑəzɒ ‖ ʋi̯enə mi̯eji ɲeː sɛʎi kadʑəjə hamə ɕə manə kɒʑi ɲeː sɛʎi kadʑəjə]
Sånå3D.A.NOM kodźesome_quantity vuthuprovision.ACC.P śeDEF hiaǧeřetrip.DAT.S kadźebuy-zå.-3D.A VieneINDF.NOM.S miejicheese.ACC.S ńêand sèlibread.ACC.S kadźebuy-je,-NOM.3S.A hameother śeDEF maneperson.NOM.S kåźifish.ACC.S ńêand sèlibread.ACC.S kadźebuy-je.-NOM.3S.A
They bought some provisions for the journey. One bought cheese and bread, the other fish and bread.
"Ha dzème kåźi ćènî. Ha juge dzème kåźi ću ćènîpa?", mieji kadźe śe viene hame śe måji dèćleze cyje.
[ha dzɛmə kɒʑi tɕɛniː ha juɡə dzɛmə kɒʑi tɕu tɕɛniːpa | mi̯eji kadʑə ɕə ʋi̯enə hamə ɕə mɒji dɛtɕʎəzə tsyjə]
"Ha2P.NOM dzèmemuch kåźifish.ACC.S ćèeat-nî.-NOM.2P Ha2P.NOM jugeEMPH dzèmemuch kåźifish.ACC.S ćuwhy ćèeat-nî-NOM.2P-pa?",=INT miejicheese.ACC.S kadźebuy śeDEF vieneINDF.NOM.S hameother śeDEF måjiperson.ACC.S dèćlezeroad.LOC.S cyask-je.-NOM.3S.A
On the road, the one who had bought cheese asked the other, “You people eat a lot of fish. Why do you eat so much fish?”
"Viene kåźi ćèjevå śy viene joe śiaji jêjevå — va dzème kåźi dałe ćèdî śe tuźi dune cèřo."
[ʋi̯enə kɒʑi tɕɛjəʋɒ ɕy ʋi̯enə jɔə ɕi̯aji jeːjəʋɒ ‖ ʋa dzɛmə kɒʑi dalə tɕɛdiː ɕə tuʑi dunə tsɛɹɔ]
"VieneINDF.NOM.S kåźifish.ACC.S ćèeat-je-NOM.3S.A-vå-SUBJ śyif vieneINDF.NOM.S joemore śiajiintelligent jêbecome-je-NOM.3S.A-vå —-SUBJ va1P.NOM dzèmemuch kåźifish.ACC.S dałe3S.B.GEN ćèeat-dî-NOM.1P śeDEF tuźireason.ACC.S dune3S.C.NOM cèbe-řo."-NOM.3S.C
"If you eat fish, you become more intelligent — that’s why we eat a lot of fish."
"Dune cèřovå śy tèře ńiełe karegŷ tuo!"
[dunə tsɛɹɔʋɒ ɕy tɛɹə ɲi̯elə karəɡyː tu̯o]
"Dune3S.C.NOM cèbe-řo-NOM.3S.C-vå-SUBJ śyif tèře1S.DAT ńiełeless_of karefish-gŷ-2S.ACC.S tuo!"give
"If that’s so, then give me a little of your fish!"
"Da, ta nèře kodźe kåźi tuota", hame śe mane joje ńê dène ńiełe śe tôji jymaleje ńê dèře dê tuoje.
[da ta nɛɹə kɔdʑə kɒʑi tu̯ota | hamə ɕə manə jɔjə ɲeː dɛnə ɲi̯elə ɕə toːji jymaləjə ɲeː dɛɹə deː tu̯ojə]
"Da,okay ta1S.NOM nèře2S.DAT kodźesome_quantity kåźifish.ACC.S tuogive-ta",-NOM.1S.DAT.2 hameother śeDEF maneperson.NOM.S josay-je-NOM.3S.A ńêand dène3S.A.NOM ńiełeless_of śeDEF tôjihead.ACC.S jy-away-malecut-je-NOM.3S.A ńêand dèře3S.A.DAT dê3S.B.ACC tuogive-je.-NOM.3S.A
“Very well, I’ll give you some,” said the other, and he cut off a bit of the head and gave it to him.
"Ćane śe juodzi cèřepa?" "Vie påźi."
[tɕanə ɕə ju̯odzi tsɛɹəpa ‖ ʋi̯e pɒʑi]
"Ćanewhat śeDEF juodziprice.ACC.S cèbe-ře-NOM.3S.B-pa?"=INT "Vie1.CARD påźi."coin.ACC.S
“How much is the price?” “One pound.”
"Da", ńê dène śe påźi habije.
[da | ɲeː dɛnə ɕə pɒʑi habijə]
"Da",okay ńêand dène3S.A.NOM śeDEF påźicoin.ACC.S habipay-je.-NOM.3S.A
“Very well,” and he paid the pound.
Sånå hyagejoze tokhuzå mya, "Na ćê kèrełe habinepa?", vètu śe mane dène śe kåźi dèci kadźeje śe vî źire cèji cyje. "Ta dœ vie pèeva kadźede."
[sɒnɒ hy̯aɡəjɔzə tɔkʰuzɒ my̯a | na tɕeː kɛrələ habinəpa | ʋɛtu ɕə manə dɛnə ɕə kɒʑi dɛtsi kadʑəjə ɕə ʋiː ʑirə tsɛji tsyjə ‖ ta døː ʋi̯e pɛəʋa kadʑədə]
Sånå3D.A.NOM hyagetrip.LOC-joze-POSS.3D.A.LOC.S tokhucontinue-zå-NOM.3D.A mya,while "Na2S.NOM ćêwhat.ACC.S kèrełefish.GEN.S habipay-ne-NOM.2S-pa?",=INT vètu1.ORD śeDEF maneperson.NOM.S dène3S.A.NOM śeDEF kåźifish.ACC.S dèci3S.A.ABL kadźebuy-je-NOM.3S.A śeDEF vîINDF.ACC.S źireslightly cèjilater cyask-je.-NOM.3S.A "Ta1S.NOM dœ3S.A.ACC vie1.CARD pèevacoin.INST.S kadźebuy-de."-NOM.1S
A bit later, as they continued on their way, the first man asked the one from whom he had bought the fish, “How much did you pay for the fish?” “I bought it for one pound.”
"Vœ! Na tèře śe tôji vie pèeva mulinè ńê śe rute nère sidzevo cuře!"
[ʋøː ‖ na tɛɹə ɕə toːji ʋi̯e pɛəʋa muʎinɛ ɲeː ɕə rutə nɛrə sidzəʋɔ tsuɹə]
"Vœ!EXCL Na2S.NOM tèře1S.DAT śeDEF tôjihead.ACC.S vie1.CARD pèevacoin.INST.S mulisell-nè-NOM.2S.DAT.1 ńêand śeDEF ruteremainder.NOM.S nèře2S.DAT sidze-to_back-voput cuPAS.DYN-ře!"-NOM.3S.B
“Hey! You sold me the head for one pound, and the rest was left for you!”
"Na lène! Na śe tôji vaǧene ńê na juge śiaji jêne! Na śe kåźi ćènevå śy ća mane na jê ciajeci śijevå!"
[na ʎɛnə ‖ na ɕə toːji ʋaɰənə ɲeː na juɡə ɕi̯aji jeːnə ‖ na ɕə kɒʑi tɕɛnəʋɒ ɕy tɕa manə na jeː tsi̯ajətsi ɕijəʋɒ]
"Na2S.NOM lèsee-ne!-NOM.2S Na2S.NOM śeDEF tôjihead.ACC.S vaǧelick-ne-NOM.2S ńêand na2S.NOM jugeEMPH śiajiintelligent jêbecome-ne!-NOM.2S Na2S.NOM śeDEF kåźifish.ACC.S ćèeat-ne-NOM.2S-vå-SUBJ śyif ćawhat maneperson.NOM.S na2S.NOM jêbecome ciamay-jeci-PAT.ACC.S śiknow-je-NOM.3S.A-vå!"-SUBJ
“You see! You licked the head and you’ve become so intelligent! If you had eaten the fish, who knows what you might have become!”
Gave pè vićeześi, su, ta śi pèvå sêna pèze ta dèci śi kade vède sôji śi kade ta huo śi kade.
[ɡaʋə pɛ ʋitɕəzəɕi | su ta ɕi pɛʋɒ seːna pɛzə ta dɛtsi ɕi kadə ʋɛdə soːji ɕi kadə ta hu̯o ɕi kadə]
Gavecurse pèPAS.ST vićecurious-ześi, -ABST.ACC.S su,INTR, ta1S.NOM śiknow pèPAS.ST-vå-SUBJ sênathing.NOM.P pèexist-ze-NOM.3P.A ta1S.NOM dèci3S.A.ABL śiknow kaNEG-de-NOM.1S vèdesome sôjithing.ACC.S śiknow kaNEG-de-NOM.1S ta1S.NOM huoknow śiable_to kaNEG-de.-NOM.1S
[ɡaʋə pɛ ʋitɕəzəɕi | su ta ɕi pɛʋɒ seːna pɛzə ta dɛtsi ɕi kadə ʋɛdə soːji ɕi kadə ta hu̯o ɕi kadə]
Gavecurse pèPAS.ST vićecurious-ześi, -ABST.ACC.S su,INTR, ta1S.NOM śiknow pèPAS.ST-vå-SUBJ sênathing.NOM.P pèexist-ze-NOM.3P.A ta1S.NOM dèci3S.A.ABL śiknow kaNEG-de-NOM.1S vèdesome sôjithing.ACC.S śiknow kaNEG-de-NOM.1S ta1S.NOM huoknow śiable_to kaNEG-de.-NOM.1S
quoting Torco:fucking curiosity, man, i can't know that i know jack shit about something about which i didn't know there was knows to know
1) Dinosaurs fly. (general truth)
2) [These/some] dinosaurs [habitually] fly.
3) There are dinosaurs that are flying.
4) The sun rises in the east. (general truth)
5) The sun rises in the east. (you just read Hume and you no longer think induction is a thing)
6) The sun is rising in the east.
——
Kannow uses the remote future tense:
1) ecołkʼoř tʼìkuŗ
ec-ołkʼ-ř tʼìku-ŗ`
INFER.RFUT.MID-fly-C2.A.PL dinosaur-C2.INDEF.PL
2) ołkʼoř tʼìkuŗ
0-ołkʼ-ř tʼìku-ŗ
SENS.PRES.MID-fly-C2.A.PL dinosaur-C2.DEF
3) ołkʼoř tʼìkuŗ
0-ołkʼ-ř tʼìku-ŗ`
SENS.PRES.MID-fly-C2.A.PL dinosaur-C2.INDEF.PL
There's no difference between 2) and 3), but that's because the verb ends in -u, so the rounding distinction is neutralized. It would be there for a different verb.
4) gèrqecgìnyw rqàn
gèrq-ec-gìn-ow rqà-n
east-INFER.RFUT.MID-rise-C4.A.SG sun-C4.DEF
5) gèrqergìnyw rqàn
gèrq-er-gìn-ow rqà-n
east-SENS.NRPST-rise-C4.A.SG sun-C4.DEF
Kannow has no aspect distinction, so this takes the past tense. It could take either the remote or the recent depending on context, but I used the recent.
6) gèrqrgìnyw rqàn
gèrq-r-gìn-ow rqà-n
east-SENS.PRES-rise-C4.A.SG sun-C4.DEF
2) [These/some] dinosaurs [habitually] fly.
3) There are dinosaurs that are flying.
4) The sun rises in the east. (general truth)
5) The sun rises in the east. (you just read Hume and you no longer think induction is a thing)
6) The sun is rising in the east.
——
Kannow uses the remote future tense:
1) ecołkʼoř tʼìkuŗ
ec-ołkʼ-ř tʼìku-ŗ`
INFER.RFUT.MID-fly-C2.A.PL dinosaur-C2.INDEF.PL
2) ołkʼoř tʼìkuŗ
0-ołkʼ-ř tʼìku-ŗ
SENS.PRES.MID-fly-C2.A.PL dinosaur-C2.DEF
3) ołkʼoř tʼìkuŗ
0-ołkʼ-ř tʼìku-ŗ`
SENS.PRES.MID-fly-C2.A.PL dinosaur-C2.INDEF.PL
There's no difference between 2) and 3), but that's because the verb ends in -u, so the rounding distinction is neutralized. It would be there for a different verb.
4) gèrqecgìnyw rqàn
gèrq-ec-gìn-ow rqà-n
east-INFER.RFUT.MID-rise-C4.A.SG sun-C4.DEF
5) gèrqergìnyw rqàn
gèrq-er-gìn-ow rqà-n
east-SENS.NRPST-rise-C4.A.SG sun-C4.DEF
Kannow has no aspect distinction, so this takes the past tense. It could take either the remote or the recent depending on context, but I used the recent.
6) gèrqrgìnyw rqàn
gèrq-r-gìn-ow rqà-n
east-SENS.PRES-rise-C4.A.SG sun-C4.DEF
quoting Nortaneous:1) Birds fly. (general truth)
How can you say that? This is obviously untrue: birds do not exist.
Kangshi:
1) Dinosaurs fly. (general truth)
ksè mqæŋpu
ksèfly.AOR m-qæ-ŋpuPL-CL.VI-bird
2) [These/some] dinosaurs [habitually] fly.
ksé mqæŋpu
kséfly.ACT m-qæ-ŋpuPL-CL.VI-bird
3) There are dinosaurs that are flying.
ŋɯ́ mqæŋpu ziksè
ŋɯ́exist.PROG m-qæ-ŋpuPL-CL.VI-bird zi-ksèPROG-fly.AOR
4) The sun rises in the east. (general truth)
ʁzda xǽ qæxsæ̀i inʁìni ŋdû
ʁzdabe_high.AOR xǽbecome.PROG qæ-xsæ̀iCL.VI-sun i-nʁì-niCL.IX-west-APP ŋdûfrom
5) The sun rises in the east. (you just read Hume and you no longer think induction is a thing)
ʁzda xǽ qæxsæ̀i inʁìni ŋdû
ʁzdabe_high.AOR xǽbecome.PROG qæ-xsæ̀iCL.VI-sun i-nʁì-niCL.IX-west-APP ŋdûfrom
6) The sun is rising in the east.
ʁzda zixǽ qæxsæ̀i inʁìni ŋdû
ʁzdabe_high.AOR zi-xǽPROG-become.PROG qæ-xsæ̀iCL.VI-sun i-nʁì-niCL.IX-west-APP ŋdûfrom
(Alternatively inʁìni asâ if you want to stress the position of the sunrise being in the East relative to you. Or, well, West, the planet rotates the other way around.)
Also I should probably rename progressive mode to durative mode.
1) Dinosaurs fly. (general truth)
ksè mqæŋpu
ksèfly.AOR m-qæ-ŋpuPL-CL.VI-bird
2) [These/some] dinosaurs [habitually] fly.
ksé mqæŋpu
kséfly.ACT m-qæ-ŋpuPL-CL.VI-bird
3) There are dinosaurs that are flying.
ŋɯ́ mqæŋpu ziksè
ŋɯ́exist.PROG m-qæ-ŋpuPL-CL.VI-bird zi-ksèPROG-fly.AOR
4) The sun rises in the east. (general truth)
ʁzda xǽ qæxsæ̀i inʁìni ŋdû
ʁzdabe_high.AOR xǽbecome.PROG qæ-xsæ̀iCL.VI-sun i-nʁì-niCL.IX-west-APP ŋdûfrom
5) The sun rises in the east. (you just read Hume and you no longer think induction is a thing)
ʁzda xǽ qæxsæ̀i inʁìni ŋdû
ʁzdabe_high.AOR xǽbecome.PROG qæ-xsæ̀iCL.VI-sun i-nʁì-niCL.IX-west-APP ŋdûfrom
6) The sun is rising in the east.
ʁzda zixǽ qæxsæ̀i inʁìni ŋdû
ʁzdabe_high.AOR zi-xǽPROG-become.PROG qæ-xsæ̀iCL.VI-sun i-nʁì-niCL.IX-west-APP ŋdûfrom
(Alternatively inʁìni asâ if you want to stress the position of the sunrise being in the East relative to you. Or, well, West, the planet rotates the other way around.)
Also I should probably rename progressive mode to durative mode.
Natmiis šu Nasreddin Hodža.
N-at-miisexist.PERF-NARR-3sh šuperson Nasreddin Hodža.Nasreddin Hodja
Once there was a man named Nasreddin Hodja.
Oxreeidat gugumkei galax hyltykwasap. Emawanca deokatnu axmumuziinsap xgigigaliinsap uzira.
O-x-ree<i>d-at3hp-PASS-know<PERF>-NARR gu~gum-keiHAB~trick-AGENT ga-laxbe.PERF-because hylty-k-wa-sap.friend-DAT-PL-his E-maw-at-ncaSTAT.assemble-NARR-3plh de-ok-at-nu3bp-see-NARR-3plhA a-x-mu~muz-iin-sapprefix-PASS-HAB~care for-PTCP-his x-gi~gi-gal-iin-sapPASS-HAB~CAUS-fat-PTCP-his uzira.lamb
He was known as a prankster to his companions. One day they had come together and were looking at a lamb which he cared for and was fattening.
Maiwatnu hyltytwasap ebniatnu ani "Ogöymto hodža dejöebet uzira!"
Ma<i>w-at-nuassemble<PERF>-NARR-3plhA hylty-t-wa-sapfriend-A-PL-his eb-ni-at-nuREC-say.PERF-NARR-3phlA aniQUOT O-g<ö>um-t-o3shP-trick<IMP>-IMP-1 or 3A hodžahodja de-j<ö>a-b-et3bP-eat<IMP>-POT-so.that uzira!lamb
His companions gathered together and said, “Let’s trick the hodja so we can eat his lamb!”
Mawojatnu saaksap hodža. Ani "Ajjoo hodža, xinxooud turib bis!
maw-o-at-nutogether-to-PERF-NARR-3plhA saak-saphouse-his hodžahodja. AniQUOT AjjooO hodžahodja xi-n-xoo<u>d3syP-MID-destroy<FUT> turibworld bis.tomorrow
Together they went to the hodja’s home. “Oh hodja, the world will be destroyed tomorrow.
Laabail uzirarlap na amuzzai; ksöjooto jew deökomilbet uziralap söyybet."
Laab-ailbenefit-without uzira-r-laplamb-INAL-your nathis amuz-zaicare for-NMZ1 ks<ö>oo-t-ogo down to<IMP>.IMP-1 or 3A jewriver de-ö-komil-b-et3bP-IMP-roast-POT-so that uzira-laplamb-your s<ö>yy-b-et.play<IMP>-POT-so that
Caring for this lamb of yours is futile, let’s go to the river so we can roast your lamb and play.”
Dairatu mennuniatu "Hoza, šil." Deseiidatu uzira ksoojatnu jew.
Da<i>r-at-uthink<PERF>-NARR-3hsA me-nnu-ni-at-uback-3plhR-say.PERF.-NARR-3hA ho-z-abe.IMP-COND-alter, šil.OK De-saa<i>d-at-u3bP-take<PERF>-NARR-3hA uziralamb ksoo-j-at-nu go down by-PERF-NARR-3phlA jewriver.
The hodja thought about it and replied, “If that’s so, very well.” He took his lamb and they went to the river.
Dexöilat redexduilat empakok nxöekbet. Adareetlax ebniatnu hyltywasap, "Oguimatnö hodža möjaues uziraksap.
de-x-ö<i>l-at3bP-PASS-kill<PERF>-NARR re-de-x-du<i>l-atover-3bP-PASS-hang<PERF>-NARR empako-kcauldron-DAT n-x<ö>ak-b-et.MID-cook<IMP>-POT-so that da-reet-laxPRV-REFL-happy-because eb-ni-at-uREC-say.PERF-NARR-3plhA hylty-wa-sapfriend-PL-his O-gu<i>m-at-nö3hP-trick<PERF>-NARR-1plA hodžahodja mö-ja-u-es1plP-eat-FUT-may uzira-k-sap.lamb-DAT-his
The lamb was killed and hung over a cauldron to be cooked. Being self-satisfied, his companions said, “We tricked the hodja and now we get to eat his lamb.
Öjohtito ugugu dacöwanto!" Serniidatnu othiiatnu jew, gdžima hodža xizöeikbet laakalzar. Xigmaiwatu swaipatu xikaistiin.
Ö-ohti-t-oOPT-into the water-IMP-1 or 3A ugugufor a while da-c<ö>uan-t-oREFL-wash<IMP>-IMP-1 or 3A Se-r-ni<i>d-at-nuprefix-AP-take off clothes<PERF>-NARR-3plhA ohti-i-at-nugo into the water-PERF-NARR-3phlA jewriver g-dži-maCAUS-stay-while hodžahodja xi-z<ö>aik-b-et3yP-protect<IMP>-POT-so that laakal-zar.clothes-their.INAL X-g-ma<i>w-at-u3yP-CAUS-together<PERF>-NARR-3hA swa<i>p-at-ubuild a fire<PERF>-NARR-3hA xi-ka<i>st-iin.3yP-use<PERF>-PART
Let’s go in the water for a little while and bathe ourselves.” They took off their clothes and went into the river, leaving the hodja to watch over the clothing. He gathered it all together and built a fire out of it.
Kšej innuwaisatu hyltykwasap "Denxaiks uzira, jöebi ugu." Epuhtiiatnu difmöö laakalzar. Nujuiğatnu ani "Hodža ee, itsa laakalyr?"
Kšejlater nnu-wa<i>s-at-u3plhR-call<PERF>-NARR-3hA hylty-k-wa-sapfriend-DAT-PL-his De-n-xa<i>k-s3bP-MID-cook<PERF>-see uziralamb j<ö>ebieat<OPT>-POT-1 or 3A ugu.now epuhti-i-at-nuout of the water-PERF-NARR-3plhA dif-möögone-3y laakal-zar.clothes-their nu-ju<i>ğ-at-nu3plhR-ask<PERF>-NARR-3hA aniQUOT Hodžahodja eeO it-saat-what [g clothes-our]laakal-yr[/g?
Some time passed and he called to his companions, “The lamb has cooked, we can eat now.” They came out of the water but their clothes were gone. “Hodja, where are our clothes?” they asked.
Ani "Ntiniattö turibr nxoodisai bis, ösnbet ximaatö laakalmir? Ğöjaužžane mbenöjawaavs uzirak. Puisiktö, ketvixmaaktö laakalmir ba jaahiin."
AniQUOT nt-ni-at-tö1sR-say.PERF-NARR-2plA turibrworld-INAL n-xood-saiMID-destroy-NMZ bistomorrow ö-sn-b-etIMP-do.what-POT-CVB xi-maa-tö3yP-need-2plA laakal-mirclothes-y'all's?[/g] Ğ<ö>auš-z-a=nenaked<OPT-COND-alter=too mbe-nö-ja-w-aav-s3bR-2plP-eat-FUT-can-see uzira-k.lamb-DAT Pu-isi-k-töleave-IMM.FUT-EVI-2plA. ke-tvi-x-maa-k-töNEG-PVB-3yP-need-EVI-2plA laakal-mirclothes-y'all's.
“You told me the world was going to be destroyed tomorrow, why do you need clothes? You can still eat the lamb even if you’re naked. You’re going to leave again, you don’t need clothes for it.”
Ani "Ajjoo, kedejöezği uziralap kexiöuurzağ laakalyr!" nufoinatnu, sa kšej? Nseuuratmiis hodža laakalgzap, masujnyat sajratik, meöjobet wat.
AniQUOT AjjooO ke-de-j<ö>a-z-ğNEG-3bP-eat<IMP>-COND-PST uzira-laplamb-your ke-xi-ö-uur-z-a-ğNEG-3yP-IMP-burn-COND-alter-PST laakal-yrclothes-our sawhat kše-j?happen-PERF Ns-e-uur-at-miis3yR-STAT-burn-NARR-3h hodžahodja laakal-k-zapclothes-DAT-their ma-su<u>j-ny-at3plhP-wait<FUT>-must-NARR sajrat-kmidnight-DAT me-ö-o-b-etback-OPT-to-POT-so that wat.village
“Oh, if only we had not eaten your lamb, if only you had not burned our clothes!” they said to him, but what happened? The hodja had burned their clothes and they had to wait until midnight before they could return to their village.
N-at-miisexist.PERF-NARR-3sh šuperson Nasreddin Hodža.Nasreddin Hodja
Once there was a man named Nasreddin Hodja.
Oxreeidat gugumkei galax hyltykwasap. Emawanca deokatnu axmumuziinsap xgigigaliinsap uzira.
O-x-ree<i>d-at3hp-PASS-know<PERF>-NARR gu~gum-keiHAB~trick-AGENT ga-laxbe.PERF-because hylty-k-wa-sap.friend-DAT-PL-his E-maw-at-ncaSTAT.assemble-NARR-3plh de-ok-at-nu3bp-see-NARR-3plhA a-x-mu~muz-iin-sapprefix-PASS-HAB~care for-PTCP-his x-gi~gi-gal-iin-sapPASS-HAB~CAUS-fat-PTCP-his uzira.lamb
He was known as a prankster to his companions. One day they had come together and were looking at a lamb which he cared for and was fattening.
Maiwatnu hyltytwasap ebniatnu ani "Ogöymto hodža dejöebet uzira!"
Ma<i>w-at-nuassemble<PERF>-NARR-3plhA hylty-t-wa-sapfriend-A-PL-his eb-ni-at-nuREC-say.PERF-NARR-3phlA aniQUOT O-g<ö>um-t-o3shP-trick<IMP>-IMP-1 or 3A hodžahodja de-j<ö>a-b-et3bP-eat<IMP>-POT-so.that uzira!lamb
His companions gathered together and said, “Let’s trick the hodja so we can eat his lamb!”
Mawojatnu saaksap hodža. Ani "Ajjoo hodža, xinxooud turib bis!
maw-o-at-nutogether-to-PERF-NARR-3plhA saak-saphouse-his hodžahodja. AniQUOT AjjooO hodžahodja xi-n-xoo<u>d3syP-MID-destroy<FUT> turibworld bis.tomorrow
Together they went to the hodja’s home. “Oh hodja, the world will be destroyed tomorrow.
Laabail uzirarlap na amuzzai; ksöjooto jew deökomilbet uziralap söyybet."
Laab-ailbenefit-without uzira-r-laplamb-INAL-your nathis amuz-zaicare for-NMZ1 ks<ö>oo-t-ogo down to<IMP>.IMP-1 or 3A jewriver de-ö-komil-b-et3bP-IMP-roast-POT-so that uzira-laplamb-your s<ö>yy-b-et.play<IMP>-POT-so that
Caring for this lamb of yours is futile, let’s go to the river so we can roast your lamb and play.”
Dairatu mennuniatu "Hoza, šil." Deseiidatu uzira ksoojatnu jew.
Da<i>r-at-uthink<PERF>-NARR-3hsA me-nnu-ni-at-uback-3plhR-say.PERF.-NARR-3hA ho-z-abe.IMP-COND-alter, šil.OK De-saa<i>d-at-u3bP-take<PERF>-NARR-3hA uziralamb ksoo-j-at-nu go down by-PERF-NARR-3phlA jewriver.
The hodja thought about it and replied, “If that’s so, very well.” He took his lamb and they went to the river.
Dexöilat redexduilat empakok nxöekbet. Adareetlax ebniatnu hyltywasap, "Oguimatnö hodža möjaues uziraksap.
de-x-ö<i>l-at3bP-PASS-kill<PERF>-NARR re-de-x-du<i>l-atover-3bP-PASS-hang<PERF>-NARR empako-kcauldron-DAT n-x<ö>ak-b-et.MID-cook<IMP>-POT-so that da-reet-laxPRV-REFL-happy-because eb-ni-at-uREC-say.PERF-NARR-3plhA hylty-wa-sapfriend-PL-his O-gu<i>m-at-nö3hP-trick<PERF>-NARR-1plA hodžahodja mö-ja-u-es1plP-eat-FUT-may uzira-k-sap.lamb-DAT-his
The lamb was killed and hung over a cauldron to be cooked. Being self-satisfied, his companions said, “We tricked the hodja and now we get to eat his lamb.
Öjohtito ugugu dacöwanto!" Serniidatnu othiiatnu jew, gdžima hodža xizöeikbet laakalzar. Xigmaiwatu swaipatu xikaistiin.
Ö-ohti-t-oOPT-into the water-IMP-1 or 3A ugugufor a while da-c<ö>uan-t-oREFL-wash<IMP>-IMP-1 or 3A Se-r-ni<i>d-at-nuprefix-AP-take off clothes<PERF>-NARR-3plhA ohti-i-at-nugo into the water-PERF-NARR-3phlA jewriver g-dži-maCAUS-stay-while hodžahodja xi-z<ö>aik-b-et3yP-protect<IMP>-POT-so that laakal-zar.clothes-their.INAL X-g-ma<i>w-at-u3yP-CAUS-together<PERF>-NARR-3hA swa<i>p-at-ubuild a fire<PERF>-NARR-3hA xi-ka<i>st-iin.3yP-use<PERF>-PART
Let’s go in the water for a little while and bathe ourselves.” They took off their clothes and went into the river, leaving the hodja to watch over the clothing. He gathered it all together and built a fire out of it.
Kšej innuwaisatu hyltykwasap "Denxaiks uzira, jöebi ugu." Epuhtiiatnu difmöö laakalzar. Nujuiğatnu ani "Hodža ee, itsa laakalyr?"
Kšejlater nnu-wa<i>s-at-u3plhR-call<PERF>-NARR-3hA hylty-k-wa-sapfriend-DAT-PL-his De-n-xa<i>k-s3bP-MID-cook<PERF>-see uziralamb j<ö>ebieat<OPT>-POT-1 or 3A ugu.now epuhti-i-at-nuout of the water-PERF-NARR-3plhA dif-möögone-3y laakal-zar.clothes-their nu-ju<i>ğ-at-nu3plhR-ask<PERF>-NARR-3hA aniQUOT Hodžahodja eeO it-saat-what [g clothes-our]laakal-yr[/g?
Some time passed and he called to his companions, “The lamb has cooked, we can eat now.” They came out of the water but their clothes were gone. “Hodja, where are our clothes?” they asked.
Ani "Ntiniattö turibr nxoodisai bis, ösnbet ximaatö laakalmir? Ğöjaužžane mbenöjawaavs uzirak. Puisiktö, ketvixmaaktö laakalmir ba jaahiin."
AniQUOT nt-ni-at-tö1sR-say.PERF-NARR-2plA turibrworld-INAL n-xood-saiMID-destroy-NMZ bistomorrow ö-sn-b-etIMP-do.what-POT-CVB xi-maa-tö3yP-need-2plA laakal-mirclothes-y'all's?[/g] Ğ<ö>auš-z-a=nenaked<OPT-COND-alter=too mbe-nö-ja-w-aav-s3bR-2plP-eat-FUT-can-see uzira-k.lamb-DAT Pu-isi-k-töleave-IMM.FUT-EVI-2plA. ke-tvi-x-maa-k-töNEG-PVB-3yP-need-EVI-2plA laakal-mirclothes-y'all's.
“You told me the world was going to be destroyed tomorrow, why do you need clothes? You can still eat the lamb even if you’re naked. You’re going to leave again, you don’t need clothes for it.”
Ani "Ajjoo, kedejöezği uziralap kexiöuurzağ laakalyr!" nufoinatnu, sa kšej? Nseuuratmiis hodža laakalgzap, masujnyat sajratik, meöjobet wat.
AniQUOT AjjooO ke-de-j<ö>a-z-ğNEG-3bP-eat<IMP>-COND-PST uzira-laplamb-your ke-xi-ö-uur-z-a-ğNEG-3yP-IMP-burn-COND-alter-PST laakal-yrclothes-our sawhat kše-j?happen-PERF Ns-e-uur-at-miis3yR-STAT-burn-NARR-3h hodžahodja laakal-k-zapclothes-DAT-their ma-su<u>j-ny-at3plhP-wait<FUT>-must-NARR sajrat-kmidnight-DAT me-ö-o-b-etback-OPT-to-POT-so that wat.village
“Oh, if only we had not eaten your lamb, if only you had not burned our clothes!” they said to him, but what happened? The hodja had burned their clothes and they had to wait until midnight before they could return to their village.