This article describes the phonology of Standard Arve, based on the Raston dialect.
Consonants:
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Uvular | Glottal |
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Plosive | p b | t d | ts | ʈʂ | c ɟ | k g | | | ʔ |
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Fricative | | | s | ʂ | ç | x | xʷ | χ | (h) |
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Liquid | v | | l | | j | | w | ʀ | |
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Rhotic | | | r̥ r | | | | | |
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The glottal stop is limited in distribution, appearing only at morpheme boundaries.
While /x/ and /h/ have different spellings and diachronic sources, they never contrast: /x/ can only appear word-medially, and /h/ can only appear word-initially (where it is excrescent and unwritten) and word-finally. /x/ comes from Written Arve
x, which could not appear word-initially; /h/ comes from Writtend Arve
d g when word-final, as well as from
x in that position.
Vowels:
| Front | Frönt | Back | Båck | F. dəph. | F. döph. | B. dəph. |
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High | i | y | | u | iə | yə | uə |
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Mɪd | e | ø | ʊ | | eə | øə | | |
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Diph | ʌi | œy | ʊi | ɔu | | ɛu | |
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Mid | ɛ | ɞ | ʌ | ɔ | | | |
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Low | | | a | | | | ɒə |
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The contrast between øə and ɛu is minimal: besides dialectal borrowings and irregular developments
which may or may not exist (todo), they only contrast before final -h, and there only in the pair
steug /çɛuh/ vs.
skävd /çøəh/. In general, øə appears before coronals and uvulars, and ɛu otherwise.
High and mid vowels do not contrast with centering diphthongs before uvulars. /ɞ ʌ ʊ/ do not contrast with /ʌi œy ʊi/ before palatals.
Vowel reduction:
TODO.
The Raston standard has three unstressed vowels: /ɐ ɪ ʊ/.
Stress placement.