Auxiliary/modal verbs

The following verbs can act as auxiliary/modal verbs:

ka	Negative	Imperfective
śie	Dynamic causative	Perfective	Also means do, make.
ćê	Static causative, be permitted to	Imperfective	Also means let, allow.
cu	Dynamic passive	Perfective	Also means get, obtain, receive.
pè	Static passive	Imperfective	Also means exist.
jê	Become adjectival verb	Perfective	Also means become.
śi	Be able to	Imperfective	Also means know something.
cè	Tend to	Imperfective	Also means be.
va	Ought to	Imperfective	Also means have.
źia	Be supposed to	Imperfective	Also means understand.
nô	Need to	Imperfective	Also means need.
cia	May	Imperfective	Also means hope.
vo	Be forced to	Imperfective	Also means put.
ja	Perfective	Perfective	Also means take.
mi	Imperfective	Imperfective	Also means stay.
gu	Inchoative	Perfective	Also means start.
ma	Attemptive	Perfective	Also means try.
vè	Atelic cessative	Perfective	Also means stop.
śo	Telic cessative	Perfective	Also means finish.
lè	Affirmative	Neutral	Also means see.
ći	Reportative	Neutral	Also means hear.
vå	Deductive	Neutral	Also means think.
guo	Mirative	Neutral	Also means find.
cy	Dubitative	Neutral	Also means ask.

Comparative and superlative

The comparative is formed with the adverb joe.

The superlative is formed with the adverb kale.

Instances of adjectival verbs with these are formed by applying the appropriate adverb to the adjectival verb and then giving that instance marking.

Things being compared with the comparative (the superlative cannot do comparisons) are in genitive case. Sets of things things are out of are in ablative case.