Verbal morphology (old)
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Root structure




Conjugations


The conjugations here are given in the following form: prefix-stem vowel<infixes>-suffix.

Aresonantal root intransitive


1P e-ḿ̥  é<y>-m̥
1E      ḗ   -eʕ
2P é-t  ḗ<y>-t
C1 ḗ-0  ḗ<y>-0
C2 é-s  é<y>-s
C3 e-éɴ é<y>-eɴ
C4 e-éd é<y>-ed

Note that Miar prohibits phonological words of one mora, so the 2P singular and the C2 singular and plural are lengthened in monosyllabic stems.

Paradigm ʕep- 'fall':

   sg.    pl.
1P ʕepṃ́   ʕéypṃ
1E        ʕḗpʕ̥
2P ʕḗpt   ʕḗypt
C1 ʕḗp    ʕḗyp
C2 ʕḗps   ʕḗyps
C3 ʕepéⁿz ʕéypeⁿz
C4 ʕepéⁿd ʕéypeⁿd


Resonantal root intransitive


   SG    PL
1P eR-ḿ̥  Rí -m̥
1E       éRi-з
2P éR-t  éRi-t
C1 éR-0  éRi-0
C2 éR-s  éRi-s
C3 eR-éɴ Rí -ɴ
C4 eR-éd Rí -d


Paradigm mey- 'speak':
   SG     PL
1P meyḿ̥   myī́m
1E        méyiʕ
2P mḗyt   méyit
C1 mḗy    méyi
C2 mḗys   méyis
C3 meyéⁿz myī́ⁿz
C4 meyéⁿd myī́ⁿd

(note that /y/ would be lost in C_i and unstressed eyC would reduce to i)

Biresonantal root intransitive


   SG       PL
1P LeR-ḿ̥  LRí-m̥
1E        ĹRi-з
2P LéR-t  ĹRi-t
C1 LḗR-0  ĹRi-0
C2 LéR-s  ĹRi-s
C3 LeR-éɴ LRí-ɴ
C4 LeR-éd LRí-d


Paradigm ner- 'be virtuous':
   SG      PL
1P nerḿ̥    n̥rím
1E        ń̥riʕ
2P nḗrt   ń̥rit
C1 nḗr    ń̥ri
C2 nḗrs   ń̥ris
C3 neréⁿz n̥ríⁿz
C4 neréⁿd n̥ríⁿd



Unimoraic root intransitive


A small closed class of unstressed common verbs, not subject to the two-mora rule.
   SG       PL
1P 0-m  0-i-m
1E      0-ʕ
2P e-t  0-i-t
C1 e-0  0-i-0
C2 e-s  0-i-s
C3 0-eɴ 0-iɴ
C4 0-ed 0-id


Paradigm tʷe- 'be':
   SG     PL
1P tʷm̥    tʷim
1E        tʷʕ̥
2P tʷet   tʷit
C1 tʷe    tʷi
C2 tʷes   tʷis
C3 tʷenz  tʷinz
C4 tʷend  tʷind


Paradigm sek- 'do':
   SG     PL
1P skm̥    skim
1E        skʕ̥
2P sekt   skit
C1 sek    ski
C2 seks   skis
C3 skenz  skinz
C4 skend  skind



Unimoraic resonantal root intransitive


Paradigm gel- 'go':
   SG     PL
1P gl̥m    glim
1E        gliʕ
2P gl̥t    glit
C1 gl̥     gli
C2 gl̥s    glis
C3 gleⁿz  gliⁿz
C4 gleⁿd  gliⁿd



Resonant-coda root transitive


   SG       PL
1P eR-ḿ̥  é<y>-m
1E       ḗR  -з
2P éR-t  e<y>Ŕ-t
C1 ḗR-0  e<y>Ŕ-0
C2 éR-s  e<y>Ŕ-s
C3 eR-éɴ éR-iɴ
C4 eR-éd éR-id


Root deponent


1  чép-r̥
2  чep-sá
C1 чép-u
C2 чép-d́u
C3 чép-ar
C4 чép-t°n̥


Root formative


TODO

Root formative deponent


TODO (do these exist?)

Root transitive


    1P        2P        C1        C2        C3        C4            REFL
1PS é-r̥ -m    é-se -m  é-u -m    é-d́u -m   é   -ram  é-t°n̥ -m      e-ʔám
1PP é-ri-m    é-sey-m̥  é-wi-m    é-d°i-m   é-ar-i-m  é-t°in-m̥      e-ʔéym̥
1E  é-r̥ -з    é-se -з  é-u -з    é-d́u -з   é   -raз  é-t°n̥ -з      e-ʔéymз
2PS é-r̥ -t    é-se -ʔ  é-u -t    é-d́u -ʔ   é-ar-t    é-t°n̥ -ʔ      e-ʔét
2PP é-ri-t    é-sey-ʔ  é-wi-t    é-d°i-ʔ   é-ar-i-t  é-t°in-ʔ      e-ʔéyt
C1S é-r̥       é-se
C1P é-ri-t    é-sey-ʔ  é-wi-t    é-d°i-ʔ   é-ar-i-t  é-t°in-ʔ      e-ʔéyt
C2S é-r̥ -s    é-se -s  é-u -s    é-d́u -s   é-ar-s    é-t°n̥ -s      e-ʔés
C2P é-ri-s    é-sey-s  é-wi-s    é-d°i-s   é-ar-i-s  é-t°in-s      e-ʔéys


Aspects


Verbs are lexically specified for aspect, but new aspectual derivations can be formed. The three basic aspects are stative, imperfective, and perfective; but there are also secondary aspects.

Stative


Stative verbs are always deponent.

Imperfective



Perfective



Habitual



Completive





Derivations



Causative


Causatives are sigmatic and condition the a-grade. If the initial of the stem is a plosive or laryngeal, the causative marker is infixed, and any aspiration contrast is neutralized:

ˀbeh- 'hear' > ˀbsah- say'
ʕep- 'fall' > ʕsap- 'trip'
ⁿgel- 'go' > ⁿgsal- 'send'
therk- 'be hot' > tsark- 'heat, bake'

If the initial is a resonant or a cluster containing a resonant, it is prefixed:

plewt- 'run' > splawt- 'scare' (i.e. cause to run)

These causatives are often heavily lexicalized and can only be formed from bare roots; there is another, more semantically regular causative derivation, which TODO

Tropative



The tropative is derived from stative verbs with the suffix -n:

ner- 'be virtuous' > nér-n- 'deem virtuous'

Tropatives can be secondarily passivized; note here the rule that unstressed əRC > R̥C:

nér-n- 'deem virtuous' > nr̥-n-íl- 'be deemed virtuous'

Passive



In -yél ~ -íl: the latter following a resonant and the former otherwise.

Verbal nouns