Root structure
Conjugations
The conjugations here are given in the following form: prefix-stem vowel<infixes>-suffix.
Aresonantal root intransitive
1P e-ḿ̥ é<y>-m̥
1E ḗ -eʕ
2P é-t ḗ<y>-t
C1 ḗ-0 ḗ<y>-0
C2 é-s é<y>-s
C3 e-éɴ é<y>-eɴ
C4 e-éd é<y>-ed
Note that Miar prohibits phonological words of one mora, so the 2P singular and the C2 singular and plural are lengthened in monosyllabic stems.
Paradigm ʕep- 'fall':
sg. pl.
1P ʕepṃ́ ʕéypṃ
1E ʕḗpʕ̥
2P ʕḗpt ʕḗypt
C1 ʕḗp ʕḗyp
C2 ʕḗps ʕḗyps
C3 ʕepéⁿz ʕéypeⁿz
C4 ʕepéⁿd ʕéypeⁿd
Resonantal root intransitive
SG PL
1P eR-ḿ̥ Rí -m̥
1E éRi-з
2P éR-t éRi-t
C1 éR-0 éRi-0
C2 éR-s éRi-s
C3 eR-éɴ Rí -ɴ
C4 eR-éd Rí -d
Paradigm mey- 'speak':
SG PL
1P meyḿ̥ myī́m
1E méyiʕ
2P mḗyt méyit
C1 mḗy méyi
C2 mḗys méyis
C3 meyéⁿz myī́ⁿz
C4 meyéⁿd myī́ⁿd
(note that /y/ would be lost in C_i and unstressed eyC would reduce to i)
Biresonantal root intransitive
SG PL
1P LeR-ḿ̥ LRí-m̥
1E ĹRi-з
2P LéR-t ĹRi-t
C1 LḗR-0 ĹRi-0
C2 LéR-s ĹRi-s
C3 LeR-éɴ LRí-ɴ
C4 LeR-éd LRí-d
Paradigm ner- 'be virtuous':
SG PL
1P nerḿ̥ n̥rím
1E ń̥riʕ
2P nḗrt ń̥rit
C1 nḗr ń̥ri
C2 nḗrs ń̥ris
C3 neréⁿz n̥ríⁿz
C4 neréⁿd n̥ríⁿd
Unimoraic root intransitive
A small closed class of unstressed common verbs, not subject to the two-mora rule.
SG PL
1P 0-m 0-i-m
1E 0-ʕ
2P e-t 0-i-t
C1 e-0 0-i-0
C2 e-s 0-i-s
C3 0-eɴ 0-iɴ
C4 0-ed 0-id
Paradigm tʷe- 'be':
SG PL
1P tʷm̥ tʷim
1E tʷʕ̥
2P tʷet tʷit
C1 tʷe tʷi
C2 tʷes tʷis
C3 tʷenz tʷinz
C4 tʷend tʷind
Paradigm sek- 'do':
SG PL
1P skm̥ skim
1E skʕ̥
2P sekt skit
C1 sek ski
C2 seks skis
C3 skenz skinz
C4 skend skind
Unimoraic resonantal root intransitive
Paradigm gel- 'go':
SG PL
1P gl̥m glim
1E gliʕ
2P gl̥t glit
C1 gl̥ gli
C2 gl̥s glis
C3 gleⁿz gliⁿz
C4 gleⁿd gliⁿd
Resonant-coda root transitive
SG PL
1P eR-ḿ̥ é<y>-m
1E ḗR -з
2P éR-t e<y>Ŕ-t
C1 ḗR-0 e<y>Ŕ-0
C2 éR-s e<y>Ŕ-s
C3 eR-éɴ éR-iɴ
C4 eR-éd éR-id
Root deponent
1 чép-r̥
2 чep-sá
C1 чép-u
C2 чép-d́u
C3 чép-ar
C4 чép-t°n̥
Root formative
TODO
Root formative deponent
TODO (do these exist?)
Root transitive
1P 2P C1 C2 C3 C4 REFL
1PS é-r̥ -m é-se -m é-u -m é-d́u -m é -ram é-t°n̥ -m e-ʔám
1PP é-ri-m é-sey-m̥ é-wi-m é-d°i-m é-ar-i-m é-t°in-m̥ e-ʔéym̥
1E é-r̥ -з é-se -з é-u -з é-d́u -з é -raз é-t°n̥ -з e-ʔéymз
2PS é-r̥ -t é-se -ʔ é-u -t é-d́u -ʔ é-ar-t é-t°n̥ -ʔ e-ʔét
2PP é-ri-t é-sey-ʔ é-wi-t é-d°i-ʔ é-ar-i-t é-t°in-ʔ e-ʔéyt
C1S é-r̥ é-se
C1P é-ri-t é-sey-ʔ é-wi-t é-d°i-ʔ é-ar-i-t é-t°in-ʔ e-ʔéyt
C2S é-r̥ -s é-se -s é-u -s é-d́u -s é-ar-s é-t°n̥ -s e-ʔés
C2P é-ri-s é-sey-s é-wi-s é-d°i-s é-ar-i-s é-t°in-s e-ʔéys
Aspects
Verbs are lexically specified for aspect, but new aspectual derivations can be formed. The three basic aspects are stative, imperfective, and perfective; but there are also secondary aspects.
Stative
Stative verbs are always deponent.
Imperfective
Perfective
Habitual
Completive
Derivations
Causative
Causatives are sigmatic and condition the a-grade. If the initial of the stem is a plosive or laryngeal, the causative marker is infixed, and any aspiration contrast is neutralized:
ˀbeh- 'hear' > ˀbsah- say'
ʕep- 'fall' > ʕsap- 'trip'
ⁿgel- 'go' > ⁿgsal- 'send'
therk- 'be hot' > tsark- 'heat, bake'
If the initial is a resonant or a cluster containing a resonant, it is prefixed:
plewt- 'run' > splawt- 'scare' (i.e. cause to run)
These causatives are often heavily lexicalized and can only be formed from bare roots; there is another, more semantically regular causative derivation, which TODO
Tropative
The tropative is derived from stative verbs with the suffix -n:
ner- 'be virtuous' > nér-n- 'deem virtuous'
Tropatives can be secondarily passivized; note here the rule that unstressed əRC > R̥C:
nér-n- 'deem virtuous' > nr̥-n-íl- 'be deemed virtuous'
Passive
In -yél ~ -íl: the latter following a resonant and the former otherwise.
Verbal nouns