Auxiliaries and modals
Auxiliary/modal | Role | Form taken
|
---|
hen | Negative | Infinitive
|
qhut | Ought to | Infinitive
|
yar | Need to | Infinitive
|
trat | Able to ('know') | Infinitive
|
t'âm | May | Infinitive
|
dzot | Inchoative ('begin') | Infinitive
|
cer | Cessative ('end') | Infinitive
|
sog | Be supposed to | Active present participle, antipassive present participle
|
gud | Tend to | Active present participle, antipassive present participle
|
kow | Causative ('make') | Active present participle, antipassive present participle
|
fam | Become | Active present participle
|
pucht | Want to ('want') | Infinitive |
Evidentials
These are particles that go before the finite verb.
Particle | Role
|
---|
ka | Affirmative
|
mi | Deductive
|
t'u | Dubitative
|
lha | Reportative
|
pra | Mirative |
These are typically included in statements and omitted in questions, even though they are commonly omitted also in statements about oneself.