Verbal Syntax
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Auxiliaries and modals



Auxiliary/modalRoleForm taken
henNegativeInfinitive
qhutOught toInfinitive
yarNeed toInfinitive
tratAble to ('know')Infinitive
t'âmMayInfinitive
dzotInchoative ('begin')Infinitive
cerCessative ('end')Infinitive
sogBe supposed toActive present participle, antipassive present participle
gudTend toActive present participle, antipassive present participle
kowCausative ('make')Active present participle, antipassive present participle
famBecomeActive present participle
puchtWant to ('want')Infinitive


Evidentials



These are particles that go before the finite verb.

ParticleRole
kaAffirmative
miDeductive
t'uDubitative
lhaReportative
praMirative


These are typically included in statements and omitted in questions, even though they are commonly omitted also in statements about oneself.