Yes, this is interesting :-) More explicit case markings on determiners than on nouns is a feature that I know - actually, my native German is an example for that:
Sg.
Nom: der große König "the tall king" großer König "tall king" König "king"
Gen.: des großen Königs / großen Königs / Königs
Dat.: dem großen König / großem König / König
Acc: den großen König / großen König / König
Pl.:
Nom/Acc: die großen Könige / große Könige / Könige
Gen: der großen Könige / großer Könige / *Könige
Dat: den großen Königen / großen Königen / Königen
*The gen. pl. without any deteminers is never used - it's always replaced by periphrastic von + Dative (von Königen)
So, you see, of the eight possible forms, the article distinguishes five, the un-determined adjective four, and the noun and the determined adjective only three. By the various combinations, German distinguishes seven of the eight forms for the constructions with article (nom and acc pl. are never distinguished). But that's still not what you have - the noun still distinguishes cases when determined, and the fact of determination doesn't change the number of cases distinguished on the noun, but it changes the number of cases distinguished on the adjective. So your lang looks like a combination of a more radical German system with inflected genitives (which exist in some natlangs) and head marking... I like it.