Anthologica Universe Atlas / Universes / Our World / Pannonian / Proto-Pannonian / Verbal Morphology
In Proto-Pannonian, there are five tense-aspect conjugations: the present and past tenses combined with the imperfective and perfective aspects, and the future tense, which does not mark aspect.
The present imperfective is descended from the present tense with, except for the first-person singular, secondary endings (as in the Albanian present).
The present perfective is descended from the (usually sigmatic) aorist.
The past imperfective is an innovative form descended from the infinitive plus affixes descended from, depending on the verb, the past imperfective copula *h1es-m or *dhéh1-m.
The past perfective is descended from either the stative (for underived/strong verbs) or an innovative form descended from the present tense of *weh2dh-.
The future is descended from the subjunctive.
An example of an underived verb is given below, with Proto-Indo-European segmentation. Analogical or irregular formations are marked in red. (Note that some irregularities and analogies, such as the extension of Winter's-law lengthening to the whole present imperfective and subjunctive conjugations and the loss of initial sibilants in verbal affixes after verbs ending in a coronal consonant, are not marked here, since they're regular for this verb. Note also that Winter's-law lengthening has been entirely lost in the past perfective — this is also not marked.)
TODO:
1) VERBAL NOUN
2) SUBJUNCTIVE < OPTATIVE
3) EPENTHETIC VOWEL TO BREAK UP NON-HOMORGANIC RC CLUSTERS (kūmčṓ > kūməčṓ)
Infinitives are in -uhai, which is from some sort of stative verbal noun in the dative, whatever, fuck infinitives
The present imperfective is descended from the present tense with, except for the first-person singular, secondary endings (as in the Albanian present).
The present perfective is descended from the (usually sigmatic) aorist.
The past imperfective is an innovative form descended from the infinitive plus affixes descended from, depending on the verb, the past imperfective copula *h1es-m or *dhéh1-m.
The past perfective is descended from either the stative (for underived/strong verbs) or an innovative form descended from the present tense of *weh2dh-.
The future is descended from the subjunctive.
An example of an underived verb is given below, with Proto-Indo-European segmentation. Analogical or irregular formations are marked in red. (Note that some irregularities and analogies, such as the extension of Winter's-law lengthening to the whole present imperfective and subjunctive conjugations and the loss of initial sibilants in verbal affixes after verbs ending in a coronal consonant, are not marked here, since they're regular for this verb. Note also that Winter's-law lengthening has been entirely lost in the past perfective — this is also not marked.)
TODO:
1) VERBAL NOUN
2) SUBJUNCTIVE < OPTATIVE
3) EPENTHETIC VOWEL TO BREAK UP NON-HOMORGANIC RC CLUSTERS (kūmčṓ > kūməčṓ)
Infinitives are in -uhai, which is from some sort of stative verbal noun in the dative, whatever, fuck infinitives