Diachronics

mode intelligent
open 'proto-vengic.txt' as LEXICON

reserve aa ee oo ii uu aɴ aaɴ eɴ eeɴ oɴ ooɴ ɪɴ ɪɪ ɪɪɴ ʊɴ ʊʊ ʊʊɴ iɴ iiɴ uɴ uuɴ

C = p t c k q b d j g v z y ɣ f s ç x h m n ɳ ŋ l r w
V = a e o ɪ ʊ i u aa ee oo ɪɪ ʊʊ ii uu aɴ eɴ oɴ ɪɴ ʊɴ iɴ uɴ aaɴ eeɴ ooɴ ɪɪɴ ʊʊɴ iiɴ uuɴ
A = a aɴ aa aaɴ
E = e eɴ ee eeɴ
O = o oɴ oo ooɴ
[IH] = ɪ ɪɴ ɪɪ ɪɪɴ
[UH] = ʊ ʊɴ ʊʊ ʊʊɴ
I = i iɴ ii iiɴ
U = u uɴ uu uuɴ

[VSHORT] = a  aɴ  e  eɴ  o  oɴ  ɪ  ɪɴ  ʊ  ʊɴ  i  iɴ  u  uɴ
[VLONG]  = aa aaɴ ee eeɴ oo ooɴ ɪɪ ɪɪɴ ʊʊ ʊʊɴ ii iiɴ uu uuɴ
[VORAL]  = a  aa  e  ee  o  oo  ɪ  ɪɪ  ʊ  ʊʊ  i  ii  u  uu
[VNASAL] = aɴ aaɴ eɴ eeɴ oɴ ooɴ ɪɴ ɪɪɴ ʊɴ ʊʊɴ iɴ iiɴ uɴ uuɴ

[PB] = p t c k q b d j g
P = p t c k q
B = b d j g
[SZ] = v z y ɣ f s ç x h
S = f s ç x h

% normalize ASCII
[VORAL]m > [VNASAL] / _C or _#
ng > ŋ
gh > ɣ


% I wrote a bunch of rules expecting strict CV structure so let's add a fake consonant to word-initial vowels
0 > ∅ / #_V
C = C ∅

% — Whatic length rule —

% Insert a fake consonant where it shouldn't apply; easier than defining this all in the condition...

0 > ʜ / #C_V[PB]V#    % not before plosives
0 > ʜ / #C_VSV#      % not before voiceless fricatives
0 > ʜ / #C_VC[VLONG]# % not before long vowels

[VSHORT] > [VLONG] / #C_CV#
ʜ > 0
[VSHORT] > [VLONG] / #C_#

% — Intervocalic h loss and hiatus resolution before short vowels —

% First, nasality spreads backwards through /h/... and /y/, why not
[VORAL] > [VNASAL] / _{h y}[VNASAL]

[VSHORT]h > [VLONG]ʜ / _[VSHORT]
ʜV > 0

% — Debuccalization —

v > h
[VORAL] > [VNASAL] / ɳ_
ɳ > h
s > h / _ not _(CV)+h % I hope this works!

% — Rebuccalization —

h > w / _{O U}
h > y / _{A E I}

x > ç / I_

% — Umlaut —

ee eeɴ oo ooɴ > ɪɪ ɪɪɴ ʊʊ ʊʊɴ / _ not AC_
i iɴ u uɴ > ɪ ɪɴ ʊ ʊɴ / _ not AC_ not _{y w}
aya awa > ee oo
e > a / _ not _C{I U}
ee > aa / _{k g x ɣ ŋ q}

% — Consonant stuff —

C = C ɹ l̃ ɲ mʷ

z > ɹ
n > l̃
y w > ɲ mʷ / [VNASAL]_
c > s
ɲ > n / _ not I_

b d r j g > m n n ɲ ŋ / [VNASAL]_

k g x ɣ ŋ > c j ç y ɲ / [VFRONT]_

% — Micronesianization —

[LABIAL]      = p  pⁿ  b  bⁿ  p̃  b̃  f  m̥  m
[LABIALVELAR]  = pʷ pʷⁿ bʷ bʷⁿ p̃ʷ b̃ʷ fʷ m̥ʷ mʷ
[VELAR]        = k  kⁿ  g  gⁿ  k̃  g̃  x  ŋ̥  ŋ  % needed later. gh no longer patterns as a velar - maybe it backed
[HIGHROUND]    = ʊ ʊɴ ʊʊ ʊʊɴ u uɴ uu uuɴ
C = C pʷ bʷ fʷ

[LABIAL] > [LABIALVELAR] / _[HIGHROUND]

% — Plosive nasalization —

C = C m̥ m̥ʷ n̥ ɲ̥ ŋ̥ ŋ pⁿ pʷⁿ bⁿ bʷⁿ tⁿ dⁿ cⁿ jⁿ kⁿ gⁿ p̃ p̃ʷ b̃ b̃ʷ t̃ d̃ c̃ j̃ k̃ g̃

[PB] = p  pʷ  b  bʷ  t  d  c  j  k  g
P    = p  pʷ        t    c    k
B    =        b  bʷ    d    j    g
N    = m̥  m̥ʷ  m  mʷ  n̥  n  ɲ̥  ɲ  ŋ̥  ŋ
[BM] = pⁿ pʷⁿ bⁿ bʷⁿ tⁿ dⁿ cⁿ jⁿ kⁿ gⁿ
[MB] = p̃  p̃ʷ  b̃  b̃ʷ  t̃  d̃  c̃  j̃  k̃  g̃

% Stops nasalize between nasal vowels. /l/ also does this
[PB] > N / [VNASAL]_[VNASAL]
l > l̃ / [VNASAL]_[VNASAL]

% Remaining stops become prestopped nasals before a nasal vowel
[PB] > [BM] / _[VNASAL]
% ...and prenasalized stops after a nasal vowel
[PB] > [MB] / [VNASAL]_

% — Vowel reduction —

% Block vowel reduction in monosyllables!
V > V∅ / #C_#

% Final short high vowels are lost
[LABIAL] > [LABIALVELAR] / _[SHORTHIGHROUND]#
ɪ ɪɴ ʊ ʊɴ i iɴ u uɴ > 0 / _#

% Final short vowels are lost after voiceless consonants, with compensatory lengthening in disyllables
[CVLS] = p pʷ t c k q f fʷ s ç x
[VSHORT] > [VLONG] / #C_[CVLS]{A E O}#
[VSHORT] > 0 / [CVLS]_#

% Final short vowels are lost if the preceding syllable has a long vowel
[VSHORT] > 0 / [VLONG]C_#

% Nasality and length are lost in prefinal syllables
[VNASAL] > [VORAL]  / _ not _C?#
[VLONG]  > [VSHORT] / _ not _C?#

% — The Wherestern Whatic consonant shift —
y w > ɲ mʷ / _ not _# not _{[IH] [UH] I U}C?#
j > y

% — The Wherestern Whatic vowel shift —

reserve ɨɴ æɴ ææ ææɴ

ee eeɴ oo ooɴ > ii iiɴ uu uuɴ % merger as ie uo; i u also > ie uo (short and long)
e eɴ > ɨ ɨɴ
a aɴ > æ æɴ

[AE] = æ æɴ ææ ææɴ
I > i̯[AE]
U > u̯O
[IH] > I
[UH] > U

i̯ > 0 / [LABIALVELAR]_ or {c j cⁿ jⁿ y ç ɲ̥ ɲ c̃ j̃}_
u̯ > 0 / [LABIALVELAR]_
[VELAR]u̯ > [LABIALVELAR] % u onglide turns velars into labial-velars
i̯ > 0 / _ not _VC*#
i̯ u̯ > y 0
yy > y

% Normalize output
∅ > 0

close LEXICON as 'proto-whatic.txt'

Inventory

/p b t d ɟ k g q/
/f s ç x h/
/mʷ m l̃ n ɲ ŋ/
/l r ɹ j w/

Vowels: /a e o ɪ ʊ i u/ + nasality contrast in final syllables
Long vowels: /a: e: o: ɪ: ʊ: i: u:/ - but e: o: are probably rare - they can only appear before voiceless consonants and in loans. a: can only appear before velars and in loans.