Aspect

Habitual is always unmarked.

Progressive has egophoricity shit and is sometimes unmarked.
Experiential/perfective contrast?

Derivation

The major form

The typical Vengic contrast between minor and major forms of verbs is well-preserved in What; however, unlike in languages such as Ziwan and Vynyi (where the major form is derivable from the minor form, and in a generally regular semantic relation therewith), these contrasting pairs have largely lost their relation and become synchronically separate verbs.

In general, major verbs are used with explicit statements of meaning, purpose, or beneficiary, but some major verbs form transitive pairs with intransitive related minor verbs, and many pairs are no longer synchronically obvious.
- neun 'buy' / nylauh 'buy for [so./some relevant use]'
- tybhauh 'be on top of' / tyktybhauh 'rule'
- yngxia 'go' / ngyngxia 'go for relevant reason'
- ñykî 'be allowed to' / ñykki 'be able to'
- yinn 'darken' / ñyna 'cook meat'

Some major verbs no longer have a minor form:
- ñysxysax 'benefit'

Compare the following groups of sentences:

táhñykdhaukmarket-ACC (kydhîwhat kydauinventory kwINF sûx)find_out ex1S dwPFV yngxiago
/ta̤ɲkɗawk kɗij kdaw kɨ suwʔ ʔeʔ dɨ ʔŋˀi̯a/
I am going to the market (to see what they have; not a terribly pressing purpose and without a relevant beneficiary, so this takes the minor form)

táhñykdhaukmarket-ACC (pysiahat uïnew nhâñiwife-1S.POSS kwINF nylauh)buy.MAJ ex1S dwPFV ngyngxiago.MAJ
/ta̤ɲkɗawk psi̯a ʔwi n̥aːɲj kɨ nla̤w ʔeʔ dɨ ŋŋˀi̯a/
I am going to the market (to buy a new hat for my wife; a relevant purpose with an explicit beneficiary, so this takes the major form)

MEAT

Mood, egophoricity, aspect, tense. Generally simple preverbal particles.

The egophoric immediate is marked with dw.

The future is identical to the subjunctive (which is a bad term; we basically follow Tocharian here) and has exceptionally difficult formation. The egophoric/allophoric contrast here expresses more like a degree of certainty which correlates with person.

Many TODOs here.