Most Gandrip languages are nom-acc, marking the nominative with -ri - this suffix assimilates to the preceding (underlying) consonant, making it retroflex. The word order is otherwise quite free, but core arguments can't occur after the verb. There are also several other cases, such as the genitive -รป or the locative -tal. All elements of a noun phrase receive the head's case in addition to their own - this can stack, e.g. kautatri nanetatri kauri (1SG-GEN-COM-NOM mother-COM-NOM 1sg-NOM) "I and my mother (nominative)". Gandrip noun phrases are strictly head-final.
Some Mountains dialects mark the gender of the subject on verbs, others are slowly losing the last vestiges of gender marking.
Verbs have at least two tenses (past -ne and non-past -do). In some dialects there are innovative verbal tense prefixes man- (past) and ku- (non-past) - in other dialects these are nominalizer suffixes, however they still distinguish between "past" (i.e. former) and "non-past". Other dialects might use these suffixes to mark temporal distinction in subordinate clauses, with man- being used for events happening before the main clause and ku- being used for everything else.
Some Mountains dialects mark the gender of the subject on verbs, others are slowly losing the last vestiges of gender marking.
Verbs have at least two tenses (past -ne and non-past -do). In some dialects there are innovative verbal tense prefixes man- (past) and ku- (non-past) - in other dialects these are nominalizer suffixes, however they still distinguish between "past" (i.e. former) and "non-past". Other dialects might use these suffixes to mark temporal distinction in subordinate clauses, with man- being used for events happening before the main clause and ku- being used for everything else.