This is a summary of Eleutean numerals. It's a base-10 system using numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. This system is combined with symbols that represent certain numerals, allowing short forms for long numbers.
The cardinal numbers.
1. ha; 2. her; 3. rau, ro; 4. tuar; 5. berb; 6. taz, 7. saps, sas; 8. caps, cas; 9. rez.
Numbers 10 to 19. Ten (10) has its own form, znè, zënè, which is used to derive the rest of the series.
11. haznè; 12. herznè; 13. rauznè, roznè; 14. tuarznè; 15. berbznè; 16. taznè, 17. sabznè; 18. cabznè; 19. reznè.
Numbers 20 to 90. The forms have evolved from Old Eleutean and present a series of phonetic changes and contractions, with a few irregularities in certain numbers.
The sets-of-tens series present two forms, one ending in –ëzn, used before vowels, and another in –ëzni, used before consonants.
20. brezn, brezni; 30. rauzn, rauzni; 40. tuarëzn, tuarëzni; 50. berbëzn, berbëzni; 60. tazëzn, tazëzni, 70. sabzëzn, sabzëzni; 80. cabzëzn, cabzëzni; 90. rezëzn, rezëzni.
These numbers are combined with the basic series to fully derive the group: brezni-ha "twenty-one", brezni-her "twenty-two", brezni-rau "twenty-three"...
The other series (100; 1,000; 10,000...). The first number of each series (that is, "one hundred", "one thousand", "one million"...) can be written alone (the preferred way) or preceded by ha "one".
100. izzèn, iznë. Therefore: (ha-)izzèn "one hundred", her-izzèn "two hundred", rau-izzèn "three hundred"...
1,000. bhern. Therefore: (ha-)bhern "one thousand", her-bhern "two thousand", rau-bhern "three thousand"...
1,000,000. bhembre. Therefore: (ha-)bhembre "one million", her-bhembre "two million", rau-bhembre "three million"...
1,000,000,000. bhemberna. Therefore: (ha-)bhemberna "one milliard", her-bhemberna "two milliard", rau-bhemberna "three milliard"...
Long numbers are composed in diminishing order, that is, beginning with the highest series and finishing with units, if there's any (milliards, millions, thousands, hundreds, set-of-tens, 10-series, units). When writing numbers' words, each series ties its components with hyphens. Optionally, the last series can be separated from the rest by ea "and".
(ha-)bhembre rez-izzèn-cabzëzni-taz-bhern (ea) rauzni-berb
"one million nine-hundred eighty-six thousand and thirty-five"
1,986,035
Regarding the numbers' glyphs, the modern system uses I "one", T "two", И "three", ᛋ "four", H "five", M "six", 𐩢 "seven", Ҁ "eight", 3 "nine", and O "zero". They're combined to form any number, no matter how long, in a positional notation system much like the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.
I "one", T "two", И "three"...
IO "ten", II "eleven", IT "twelve", IИ "thirteen"...
TO "twenty", TI "twenty-one", TT "twenty-two"...
IOO "one hundred", I·OOO "one thousand", IO·OOO "ten thousand"...
I·3ҀM·OИH
"one million nine-hundred eighty-six thousand and thirty-five"
1,986,035
Some glyphs present variations:
𐩢 "seven" can be written with a more rounded shape, like this: Ψ.
Ҁ "eight" can also be written as G.
As for zero, ⵙ is another possible glyph.
Before the implementation of the modern positional, 0-based, system, the hiperurànic peoples used another system that lacked the glyph for "zero". That system is still used today as a secondary system, a substitute of modern numbers in certain areas of knowledge, economy and the arts, much like we still use Roman numerals despite giving preference to the Hindu-Arab numeral system.
This old system is the remnant of an archaic numeral system with glyphs for units, tens, hundreds, and thousands. In its modern use, only the unit series uses the regular glyphs of the modern system, with the only exception of O "zero", which doesn't take place in the old system.
Note that for the tens, hundreds, and thousands series, rows 1 to 3 are made adding a symbol, as in a sum (ⵡ "ten", ⵡⵡ "twenty" ("ten plus ten", or "two times ten")...). For rows 7 to 9, however, the addition isn't really a sum but a mere repetition of the glyph:
V "seventy", but VV "eighty", not *"one hundred and forty" (*"two times seventy")...
L "seven hundred", but LL "eight hundred", not *"one thousand four hundred" (*"two times seven hundred")...
ⵄ "seven thousand", but ⵄⵄ "eight thousand", not *"fourteen thousand" (*"two times seven thousand")...
That irregularity is a remainder of the more archaic version of the system, which was pentimal. In that archaic phase of the numeral system, the units were I "one", II "two", III "three", IIII "four", H "five", HI "six", HII "seven", HIII "eight", HIIII "nine". The tens were ⵡ "ten", ⵡⵡ "twenty", ⵡⵡⵡ "thirty", ⵡⵡⵡⵡ "forty", ⴺ "fifty", ⴺⵡ "sixty", ⴺⵡⵡ "seventy", ⴺⵡⵡⵡ "eighty", ⴺⵡⵡⵡ "ninety", and so on.
These combinations were too long, making the whole system too heavy, and different ways to solve that problem were surely invented. In the end, during the early imperial times, the solution was to give a single glyph for each unit number, and to apply a rest-or-sum combinatory system; although, as we've seen, only for rows 4-6, since rows 7-9 use a simpler solution. Weird, unexpected, and certainly irregular, but a working system nonetheless.
During imperial times, the system was improved further, adding some new glyphs and simplifying the more complex ones:
Glyphs ⵡⵡ "twenty" and ⵡⵡⵡ "thirty" can be fused together to form a single, narrower, glyph in each case (more or less, Ш and LШ). The same occurs with ⵡⴺ "forty" and ⴺⵡ "sixty", which can be further simplified to, respectively, 𐌇 and Ж.
VV "eighty" can be written W, or 𐌍 as well, and VVV "ninety" can be simplified as 𐌌.
All these simplifications are the preferred forms for these glyphs in the classic (imperial) and modern use of the system.
Beyond "nine thousand", the thousand series is derived as such: ⵡ·K "ten thousand", Ш·K "twenty thousand", Z·K "one hundred thousand"...
Glyph ⴼ stood for an immeasurable amount (Old Eleutean, phernphernax "thousands"), since in ancient times the old system was rarely used to represent very large amounts. With it, it was possible to write Kⴼ "nine thousand" instead of ⵄⵄⵄ, but that use wasn't consistent in older times. In modern Eleutean, though, ⴼ is used for "one million". The million series is derived as such: T·ⴼ "two million", И·ⴼ "three million", ᛋ·ⴼ "four million"...
Σ is used for "one milliard". This symbol was a late imperial innovation, when the positional 0-based system was already in use and quite widespread. The milliard series is derived as such: T·Σ "two milliard", И·Σ "three milliard", ᛋ·Σ "four milliard"...
ⴼ ZK·WM·K LШH
"one million nine-hundred eighty-six thousand and thirty-five"
1,986,035
In the modern use of the old numeral system, an existing variant is the one that uses ⵡ for "ten" but O "zero" to derive the 10-series. The units row is represented including "ten", in this fashion: I "one", T "two", И "three", ᛋ "four", H "five", M "six", 𐩢 "seven", Ҁ "eight", 3 "nine", and ⵡ "ten", while the 10-series are written this way: OI "eleven", OT "twelve", OИ "thirteen", Oᛋ "fourteen", OH "fifteen", OM "sixteen", O𐩢 "seventeen", OҀ "eighteen", O3 "nineteen".
The rest of the series are derived as usual: Ш "twenty", ШI "twenty-one", ШII "twenty-two"...
It's obvious that this variant was created by people who didn't clearly understand how the newly implanted 0-based system works. It had some widespread use during the middle imperial days among the popular classes. Despite this, it can be seen in some monuments and parchments, and in some tardoimperial constructions, like farms and rural temples.
Additionally, glyph ⵙ stands for "totality" or "completion". It's not used as a number, but rather to indicate the total amount of something, usually placed after the number.
KKⵙ bherdyr.
"A total of two thousand barrels."
This glyph was adopted as the number "zero" during imperial times, when the positional system was officially adopted, and it was later simplified to current O.
To make an ordinal, –ith is suffixed to the cardinal (rauith, ravith "third", tuarith "fourth", breznith "twentieth", iznith "hundreth"...). There are some exceptions, which represent irregular forms resulted from contraction: hith "first", rhith "second", and znith and zënith "tenth", in which the è of the ordinal (znè, zënè) is dropped despite being the stressed vowel.
Cardinals
The cardinal numbers.
Units
1. ha; 2. her; 3. rau, ro; 4. tuar; 5. berb; 6. taz, 7. saps, sas; 8. caps, cas; 9. rez.
10-series
Numbers 10 to 19. Ten (10) has its own form, znè, zënè, which is used to derive the rest of the series.
11. haznè; 12. herznè; 13. rauznè, roznè; 14. tuarznè; 15. berbznè; 16. taznè, 17. sabznè; 18. cabznè; 19. reznè.
Sets-of-tens
Numbers 20 to 90. The forms have evolved from Old Eleutean and present a series of phonetic changes and contractions, with a few irregularities in certain numbers.
The sets-of-tens series present two forms, one ending in –ëzn, used before vowels, and another in –ëzni, used before consonants.
20. brezn, brezni; 30. rauzn, rauzni; 40. tuarëzn, tuarëzni; 50. berbëzn, berbëzni; 60. tazëzn, tazëzni, 70. sabzëzn, sabzëzni; 80. cabzëzn, cabzëzni; 90. rezëzn, rezëzni.
These numbers are combined with the basic series to fully derive the group: brezni-ha "twenty-one", brezni-her "twenty-two", brezni-rau "twenty-three"...
Further cardinals
The other series (100; 1,000; 10,000...). The first number of each series (that is, "one hundred", "one thousand", "one million"...) can be written alone (the preferred way) or preceded by ha "one".
100. izzèn, iznë. Therefore: (ha-)izzèn "one hundred", her-izzèn "two hundred", rau-izzèn "three hundred"...
1,000. bhern. Therefore: (ha-)bhern "one thousand", her-bhern "two thousand", rau-bhern "three thousand"...
1,000,000. bhembre. Therefore: (ha-)bhembre "one million", her-bhembre "two million", rau-bhembre "three million"...
1,000,000,000. bhemberna. Therefore: (ha-)bhemberna "one milliard", her-bhemberna "two milliard", rau-bhemberna "three milliard"...
Writing the numbers
With words
Long numbers are composed in diminishing order, that is, beginning with the highest series and finishing with units, if there's any (milliards, millions, thousands, hundreds, set-of-tens, 10-series, units). When writing numbers' words, each series ties its components with hyphens. Optionally, the last series can be separated from the rest by ea "and".
"one million nine-hundred eighty-six thousand and thirty-five"
1,986,035
With numeral glyphs
Regarding the numbers' glyphs, the modern system uses I "one", T "two", И "three", ᛋ "four", H "five", M "six", 𐩢 "seven", Ҁ "eight", 3 "nine", and O "zero". They're combined to form any number, no matter how long, in a positional notation system much like the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.
IO "ten", II "eleven", IT "twelve", IИ "thirteen"...
TO "twenty", TI "twenty-one", TT "twenty-two"...
IOO "one hundred", I·OOO "one thousand", IO·OOO "ten thousand"...
I·3ҀM·OИH
"one million nine-hundred eighty-six thousand and thirty-five"
1,986,035
Some glyphs present variations:
𐩢 "seven" can be written with a more rounded shape, like this: Ψ.
Ҁ "eight" can also be written as G.
As for zero, ⵙ is another possible glyph.
Numeral glyphs in the old system
Before the implementation of the modern positional, 0-based, system, the hiperurànic peoples used another system that lacked the glyph for "zero". That system is still used today as a secondary system, a substitute of modern numbers in certain areas of knowledge, economy and the arts, much like we still use Roman numerals despite giving preference to the Hindu-Arab numeral system.
This old system is the remnant of an archaic numeral system with glyphs for units, tens, hundreds, and thousands. In its modern use, only the unit series uses the regular glyphs of the modern system, with the only exception of O "zero", which doesn't take place in the old system.
| # | Thousands | Hundreds | Tens | Units |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | K | Z | ⵡ | I |
| 2 | KK | ZZ | ⵡⵡ | T |
| 3 | KKK | ZZZ | ⵡⵡⵡ | И |
| 4 | KR | ZX | ⵡⴺ | ᛋ |
| 5 | R | X | ⴺ | H |
| 6 | RK | XZ | ⴺⵡ | M |
| 7 | ⵄ | L | V | 𐩢 |
| 8 | ⵄⵄ | LL | VV | Ҁ |
| 9 | ⵄⵄⵄ | ZK | VVV | З |
Note that for the tens, hundreds, and thousands series, rows 1 to 3 are made adding a symbol, as in a sum (ⵡ "ten", ⵡⵡ "twenty" ("ten plus ten", or "two times ten")...). For rows 7 to 9, however, the addition isn't really a sum but a mere repetition of the glyph:
L "seven hundred", but LL "eight hundred", not *"one thousand four hundred" (*"two times seven hundred")...
ⵄ "seven thousand", but ⵄⵄ "eight thousand", not *"fourteen thousand" (*"two times seven thousand")...
That irregularity is a remainder of the more archaic version of the system, which was pentimal. In that archaic phase of the numeral system, the units were I "one", II "two", III "three", IIII "four", H "five", HI "six", HII "seven", HIII "eight", HIIII "nine". The tens were ⵡ "ten", ⵡⵡ "twenty", ⵡⵡⵡ "thirty", ⵡⵡⵡⵡ "forty", ⴺ "fifty", ⴺⵡ "sixty", ⴺⵡⵡ "seventy", ⴺⵡⵡⵡ "eighty", ⴺⵡⵡⵡ "ninety", and so on.
These combinations were too long, making the whole system too heavy, and different ways to solve that problem were surely invented. In the end, during the early imperial times, the solution was to give a single glyph for each unit number, and to apply a rest-or-sum combinatory system; although, as we've seen, only for rows 4-6, since rows 7-9 use a simpler solution. Weird, unexpected, and certainly irregular, but a working system nonetheless.
During imperial times, the system was improved further, adding some new glyphs and simplifying the more complex ones:
Glyphs ⵡⵡ "twenty" and ⵡⵡⵡ "thirty" can be fused together to form a single, narrower, glyph in each case (more or less, Ш and LШ). The same occurs with ⵡⴺ "forty" and ⴺⵡ "sixty", which can be further simplified to, respectively, 𐌇 and Ж.
VV "eighty" can be written W, or 𐌍 as well, and VVV "ninety" can be simplified as 𐌌.
All these simplifications are the preferred forms for these glyphs in the classic (imperial) and modern use of the system.
Beyond "nine thousand", the thousand series is derived as such: ⵡ·K "ten thousand", Ш·K "twenty thousand", Z·K "one hundred thousand"...
Glyph ⴼ stood for an immeasurable amount (Old Eleutean, phernphernax "thousands"), since in ancient times the old system was rarely used to represent very large amounts. With it, it was possible to write Kⴼ "nine thousand" instead of ⵄⵄⵄ, but that use wasn't consistent in older times. In modern Eleutean, though, ⴼ is used for "one million". The million series is derived as such: T·ⴼ "two million", И·ⴼ "three million", ᛋ·ⴼ "four million"...
Σ is used for "one milliard". This symbol was a late imperial innovation, when the positional 0-based system was already in use and quite widespread. The milliard series is derived as such: T·Σ "two milliard", И·Σ "three milliard", ᛋ·Σ "four milliard"...
"one million nine-hundred eighty-six thousand and thirty-five"
1,986,035
Variations in the units and 10-series
In the modern use of the old numeral system, an existing variant is the one that uses ⵡ for "ten" but O "zero" to derive the 10-series. The units row is represented including "ten", in this fashion: I "one", T "two", И "three", ᛋ "four", H "five", M "six", 𐩢 "seven", Ҁ "eight", 3 "nine", and ⵡ "ten", while the 10-series are written this way: OI "eleven", OT "twelve", OИ "thirteen", Oᛋ "fourteen", OH "fifteen", OM "sixteen", O𐩢 "seventeen", OҀ "eighteen", O3 "nineteen".
The rest of the series are derived as usual: Ш "twenty", ШI "twenty-one", ШII "twenty-two"...
It's obvious that this variant was created by people who didn't clearly understand how the newly implanted 0-based system works. It had some widespread use during the middle imperial days among the popular classes. Despite this, it can be seen in some monuments and parchments, and in some tardoimperial constructions, like farms and rural temples.
Non-numeric glyphs
Additionally, glyph ⵙ stands for "totality" or "completion". It's not used as a number, but rather to indicate the total amount of something, usually placed after the number.
"A total of two thousand barrels."
This glyph was adopted as the number "zero" during imperial times, when the positional system was officially adopted, and it was later simplified to current O.
Ordinals
To make an ordinal, –ith is suffixed to the cardinal (rauith, ravith "third", tuarith "fourth", breznith "twentieth", iznith "hundreth"...). There are some exceptions, which represent irregular forms resulted from contraction: hith "first", rhith "second", and znith and zënith "tenth", in which the è of the ordinal (znè, zënè) is dropped despite being the stressed vowel.