Adoption of stress-accent in alternating syllables.

Palatalization of consonants before front vowels.

Opening of diphthongs.

Vowel reduction, including of opened diphthongs.

Breaking of nasal vowels, followed by voicing and nasalization of following consonants.

Diphthongization of long vowels and close-mid vowels.

Addition of schwas to consonant-final words.

Analogy in voicing, reduction, and palatalization.

Reduction of subverbs.

Reduction of verb agreement to single syllables, that preferentially mark first. second, and reflexive persons, and only mark third persons if the nominative, accusative, and dative arguments are all third person and the nominative argument is not relative.

Reduction of noun principal parts to six principal parts, one for nominative case, two for accusative case, one for vocative, dative, and ablative cases, one for genitive, instrumental, allative, and comitative cases, and one for locative case.

Adoption of more widespread use of pronouns to compensate for reduction of verb agreement.

Adoption of postpositions and subordinating conjunctions derived from verbs.

Adoption of verbal complements derived from clauses that were formerly marked for case.

Loss of case-stacking, and subsequent adoption of the use of personal pronouns as relative pronouns, except for subjects, which are still unmarked.