Processes represented in writing
Palatalization
The following sequences are contracted:
| /t tʼ d kj kʼj ɡj qj qʼj/ | > /tɕ tɕʼ dʑ tɕ tɕʼ dʑ k kʼ/ |
| /tsj tsʼj dzj tʂj tʂʼj dʐj tɕj tɕʼj dʑj/ | > /tɕ tɕʼ dʑ tɕ tɕʼ dʑ tɕ tɕʼ dʑ/ |
| /sj zj ɬj ʂj ʐj ɕj ʑj xj ɣj χj hj/ | > /ɕ ʑ ɕ ɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ ɕ ʑ x ɕ/ |
| /nj ɳj ɲj ŋj/ | > /ɲ ɲ ɲ ɲ/ |
| /lj ʎj/ | > /ʎ ʎ/ |
| /tː tʼː dː kːj kʼːj ɡːj qːj qʼːj/ | > /tɕː tɕʼː dʑː tɕː tɕʼː dʑː kː kʼː/ |
| /tsːj tsʼːj dzːj tʂːj tʂʼːj dʐj tɕːj tɕʼːj dʑːj/ | > /tɕː tɕʼː dʑː tɕː tɕʼː dʑː tɕː tɕʼː dʑː/ |
| /sːj zːj ɬːj ʂːj ʐj ɕːj ʑːj xːj ɣːj χːj hːj/ | > /ɕː ʑː ɕː ɕː ʑː ɕː ʑː ɕː ʑː xː ɕː/ |
| /nːj ɳːj ɲːj ŋːj/ | > /ɲː ɲː ɲː ɲː/ |
| /lːj ʎːj/ | > /ʎː ʎː/ |
Retroflexion
The following sequences are contracted:
| /tr tʼr dr/ | > /tʂ tʂʼ dʐ/ |
| /tsr tsʼr dzr tʂr tʂʼr dʐr/ | > /tʂ tʂʼ dʐ tʂ tʂʼ dʐ/ |
| /sr zr ɬr ʂr ʐr/ | > /ʂ ʐ ʂ ʂ ʐ/ |
| /nr ɳr/ | > /ɳ ɳ/ |
| /tːr tʼːr dːr/ | > /tʂː tʂʼː dʐː/ |
| /tsːr tsʼːr dzːr tʂːr tʂʼːr dʐːr/ | > /tʂː tʂʼː dʐː tʂː tʂʼː dʐː/ |
| /sːr zːr ɬːr ʂːr ʐːr/ | > /ʂː ʐː ʂː ʂː ʐː/ |
| /nːr ɳːr/ | > /ɳː ɳː/ |
Ejectification
| /pʔ pʼʔ tʔ tʼʔ kʔ kʼʔ qʔ qʼʔ/ | > /pʼ pʼ tʼ tʼ kʼ kʼ qʼ qʼ/ |
| /ʔp ʔpʼ ʔt ʔtʼ ʔk ʔkʼ ʔq ʔqʼ/ | > /pʼ pʼ tʼ tʼ kʼ kʼ qʼ qʼ/ |
| /tsʔ tsʼʔ tʂʔ tʂʼʔ tɕʔ tɕʼʔ/ | > /tsʼ tsʼ tʂʼ tʂʼ tɕʼ tɕʼ/ |
| /ʔts ʔtsʼ ʔtʂ ʔtʂʼ ʔtɕ ʔtɕʼ/ | > /tsʼ tsʼ tʂʼ tʂʼ tɕʼ tɕʼ/ |
/h/ elimination
| /ChV/ | > /CV/ |
Glide contraction
| /ijC uwC/ | > /iːC uːC/ |
| /iːjC uːwC/ | > /iːC uːC/ |
Splitting up CCC sequences
Even when CCC sequences are present after templates, typically due to a long consonant next to another consonant, they are broken up. Where the sequence is closer to the start of a word, quality of the following vowel is used, else if the sequence is closer to the end of the word, quality of the preceding vowel is used. If there is a long consonant present, it is preserved, with a short vowel of the specified quality being inserted between it and the adjacent short consonant. Medial consonant clusters in roots of the form CVCCVC are treated in this context like long consonants. Otherwise, if somehow a CCC sequence is still present, if the sequence is closer to the start of the word it is broken into CC followed by C by a short vowel of the specified quanlity, else if it is closer to the end of the word it is broken into C followed by CC by a short vowel of the specified quality.
Breaking up forbidding initial clusters
When a cluster formed by two plosives is present word-initially, they are separated by a short vowel of the quality of the next vowel.
Processes not represented in writing
Before or after /q qʼ χ qː qʼː χː/, vowels become:
| /i u/ | > [e o] |
| /e o/ | > [ɛ ɔ] |
| /æ ɒ/ | > [ɑ ɒ] |
Only the first ejective in a word is realized as an ejective; ejectives thereafter are de-ejectified.
First ejective in words only
Ejectives after the first ejective in a words are de-ejectified.
Deaffrication of affricates before other affricates
When two affricates are adjacent, the first attricate is deaffricated.