Anthologica Universe Atlas / Universes / Our World / Pannonian / Proto-Pannonian / Mostly-unanalogized declension dump
Illative, adessive, and allative cases have been developed, the latter three by addition of *h1en or *h2eu to the dative or accusative. The locative is from the old locative, extended by *h1en; the old locative has been preserved only in set expressions like śəmi "at home" and laukái "in the field".
TODO: dual
[pre]NOM ha ha: tas | tai ta: ta:
ACC tą tą: tas | tang ta:(a)ngta:
INS tąro: ta:(e:) tąro: | to:iS ta:mi to:iS
DAT to:mai tas'a:i to:mai | taima ta:ma taima
GEN tas'a tas'a: tas'a | taiSǫ: ta:sǫ: taiSǫ:
LOC to:mi tas'a: to:mi | taiSu ta:Su taiSu
*ey
NOM ai i: is | a:i i: i:
ACC į į:? is | ing i:yang? i:
INS i: ? i: | aimi i:mi aimi
DAT e:mai yës'a:i e:mai | aima i:ma aima
GEN yës'a yës'a: yës'a | aiSǫ: i:Sǫ: aiSǫ:
LOC e:mi yës'a: e:mi | aiSu i:su aiSu
*kWis
NOM ki ki kis | kWa:i kWa:i ki:
ACC kį kį kis | kį kį ki:
INS
DAT kWe:mai kWe:mai kWe:mai |
GEN kyës'a kyës'a kyës'a | kWaihų kWaihų kWaihų
LOC kWe:mi kWe:mi kWe:mi | kWaiSu kWaiSu kWaiSu
*kWos
NOM kWa kWa: kWas | kWai kWa: kWa:
ACC kWą kWą: kWas | kWą kWą: kWa:
DAT kWo:mai kWo:s'a:i kWa:mai |
GEN kWas'a kWas'a: kWas'a | kWaiSǫ: kWa:sǫ: kWaiSǫ:[/pre]
The first declension comes from the *eh2-stems.
The second declension, predictably, is the *-os-stems.
Second-declension neuters are declined as follows:
The third declension reflects a wide variety of declension patterns, and may show ablaut between the core and oblique cases: e.g. a~'ə, ə~u, a~i. Nouns ending in -t or -ts replace this with -s in the nominative singular; in addition, familial terms etc. show irregularities here due to Szemerenyi's law, and there is uncertainty as to the genitive and instrumental singular.
Included in this declension are nouns in *tḗr:
The ?? declension is descended from -teh2ts.
NOM dāmun dāmō
VOC dāmun dāmō
ACC dāmun dāmō
GEN dəmyəŋ dənyə
DAT dəmyə̨rai dənyə
INS dəmyə̨rə dənē
LOC dəmyə̨rin dəmyə̨rin
In Proto-Pannonian, there are five tense-aspect conjugations: the present and past tenses combined with the imperfective and perfective aspects, and the future tense, which does not mark aspect. The present imperfective is descended from the thematic present tense with, except for the first-person singular, secondary endings (as in the Albanian present); the present perfective is descended from the (usually sigmatic) aorist; the past imperfective is an innovative form descended from the infinitive plus affixes descended from, depending on the verb, the past imperfective copula *h1es-m or *dhéh1-m; the past perfective is descended from either the stative (for underived/strong verbs) or an innovative form descended from the present tense of *weh2dh-; and the future is descended from the subjunctive.
An example of an underived verb is given below, with Proto-Indo-European segmentation. Analogical or irregular formations are marked in red. (Note that some irregularities and analogies, such as the extension of Winter's-law lengthening to the whole present imperfective and subjunctive conjugations and the loss of initial sibilants in verbal affixes after verbs ending in a coronal consonant, are not marked here, since they're regular for this verb. Note also that Winter's-law lengthening has been entirely lost in the past perfective — this is also not marked.)
TODO:
1) VERBAL NOUN
2) SUBJUNCTIVE < OPTATIVE
3) EPENTHETIC VOWEL TO BREAK UP NON-HOMORGANIC RC CLUSTERS (kūmčṓ > kūməčṓ)
TODO: dual
Various pronominals
[pre]NOM ha ha: tas | tai ta: ta:
ACC tą tą: tas | tang ta:(a)ngta:
INS tąro: ta:(e:) tąro: | to:iS ta:mi to:iS
DAT to:mai tas'a:i to:mai | taima ta:ma taima
GEN tas'a tas'a: tas'a | taiSǫ: ta:sǫ: taiSǫ:
LOC to:mi tas'a: to:mi | taiSu ta:Su taiSu
*ey
NOM ai i: is | a:i i: i:
ACC į į:? is | ing i:yang? i:
INS i: ? i: | aimi i:mi aimi
DAT e:mai yës'a:i e:mai | aima i:ma aima
GEN yës'a yës'a: yës'a | aiSǫ: i:Sǫ: aiSǫ:
LOC e:mi yës'a: e:mi | aiSu i:su aiSu
*kWis
NOM ki ki kis | kWa:i kWa:i ki:
ACC kį kį kis | kį kį ki:
INS
DAT kWe:mai kWe:mai kWe:mai |
GEN kyës'a kyës'a kyës'a | kWaihų kWaihų kWaihų
LOC kWe:mi kWe:mi kWe:mi | kWaiSu kWaiSu kWaiSu
*kWos
NOM kWa kWa: kWas | kWai kWa: kWa:
ACC kWą kWą: kWas | kWą kWą: kWa:
DAT kWo:mai kWo:s'a:i kWa:mai |
GEN kWas'a kWas'a: kWas'a | kWaiSǫ: kWa:sǫ: kWaiSǫ:[/pre]
First Declension
The first declension comes from the *eh2-stems.
| SG | PL | |
|---|---|---|
| NOM | -ā | -āu |
| VOC | -ā | -āu |
| ACC | -ą̄ | -ą̄u |
| GEN | -ǭ | -ǭu |
| DAT | -ų̄ | -āmu |
| INS | -ōi | -āmi |
| LOC | -āyin | -āfin |
| ILL | -ą̄min | -ą̄mbin |
| ADE | -ų̄mau | -ų̄mbau |
| ALL | -ą̄mau | -ą̄mbau |
Second Declension
The second declension, predictably, is the *-os-stems.
| SG | PL | |
|---|---|---|
| NOM | -u | -ō |
| VOC | -i | -ō |
| ACC | -ų | -əŋ |
| GEN | -uśu | -ǭ |
| DAT | -ōi | -ų̄ |
| INS | -ō | -ōis |
| LOC | -aiśin | -aifin |
| ILL | -umin | -uŋin |
| ADE | -ōyau | -umbau |
| ALL | -umau | -uŋau |
Second-declension neuters are declined as follows:
| SG | PL | |
|---|---|---|
| NOM | -u | -ō |
| VOC | -u | -ō |
| ACC | -u | -ō |
| GEN | -ihu | -ihō |
| DAT | -ihai | -ihmu |
| INS | -ihə | -ihmi |
| LOC | -iśin | -ifin |
| ILL | -uśin | -ōśin |
| ADE | -ihayau | -ihambau |
| ALL | -uhau | -ōhau |
Third Declension
The third declension reflects a wide variety of declension patterns, and may show ablaut between the core and oblique cases: e.g. a~'ə, ə~u, a~i. Nouns ending in -t or -ts replace this with -s in the nominative singular; in addition, familial terms etc. show irregularities here due to Szemerenyi's law, and there is uncertainty as to the genitive and instrumental singular.
| SG | PL | |
|---|---|---|
| NOM | -0/s | -i |
| VOC | -0 | -i |
| ACC | -ų | -əŋ |
| GEN | -s/-u/-i | ǭ |
| DAT | -ai | -mu |
| INS | -ə/ē | -mi |
| LOC | -in | -fin |
| ILL | -umin | -uŋin |
| ADE | -ayau | -ambau |
| ALL | -umau | -uŋau |
Included in this declension are nouns in *tḗr:
| SG | PL | |
|---|---|---|
| NOM | -tēr | -ćəri |
| VOC | -ćər | -ćəri |
| ACC | -ćərų | -ćərəŋ |
| GEN | -trə | -trǭ |
| DAT | -trai | -tunu |
| INS | -trə/ē | -tuni |
| LOC | -ćərin | -turfin |
| ILL | -ćərumin | -ćəruŋin |
| ADE | -trayau | -tumbau |
| ALL | -ćərumau | -ćəruŋau |
-teh2ts Declension
The ?? declension is descended from -teh2ts.
| SG | PL | |
|---|---|---|
| NOM | -tās | -tāći |
| VOC | -tāt | -tāći |
| ACC | -tātų | -tāćų |
| GEN | -tāćə́ | -taćǭ́ |
| DAT | -tātái | -tāmú |
| INS | -tatā́ | -tāmí |
| LOC | -taćīn | -tatsųrin |
| ILL | -tatųmin | -taćųwin |
| ADE | -tatáimau | -tambáu |
| ALL | -tatųmau | -taćųmau |
-mn
NOM dāmun dāmō
VOC dāmun dāmō
ACC dāmun dāmō
GEN dəmyəŋ dənyə
DAT dəmyə̨rai dənyə
INS dəmyə̨rə dənē
LOC dəmyə̨rin dəmyə̨rin
Old verb table
In Proto-Pannonian, there are five tense-aspect conjugations: the present and past tenses combined with the imperfective and perfective aspects, and the future tense, which does not mark aspect. The present imperfective is descended from the thematic present tense with, except for the first-person singular, secondary endings (as in the Albanian present); the present perfective is descended from the (usually sigmatic) aorist; the past imperfective is an innovative form descended from the infinitive plus affixes descended from, depending on the verb, the past imperfective copula *h1es-m or *dhéh1-m; the past perfective is descended from either the stative (for underived/strong verbs) or an innovative form descended from the present tense of *weh2dh-; and the future is descended from the subjunctive.
An example of an underived verb is given below, with Proto-Indo-European segmentation. Analogical or irregular formations are marked in red. (Note that some irregularities and analogies, such as the extension of Winter's-law lengthening to the whole present imperfective and subjunctive conjugations and the loss of initial sibilants in verbal affixes after verbs ending in a coronal consonant, are not marked here, since they're regular for this verb. Note also that Winter's-law lengthening has been entirely lost in the past perfective — this is also not marked.)
TODO:
1) VERBAL NOUN
2) SUBJUNCTIVE < OPTATIVE
3) EPENTHETIC VOWEL TO BREAK UP NON-HOMORGANIC RC CLUSTERS (kūmčṓ > kūməčṓ)
| Present | Past | Future | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective | Perfective | Imperfective | Perfective | |||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| 1 | wéyd-o-h2 | wéyd-o-me | wḗyd-s-m | wéyd-s-me | wéyd=h1és-m | wéyd=h1s-m̥é | wóyd-h2e | wid-mé | wéyd-o-o-h2 | wéyd-o-o-mos |
| 2 | wéyd-e-s | wéyd-o-te | wḗyd-s-s | wéyd-s-te | wéyd=h1és | wéyd=h1s-té | wóyd-th2e | wid-é | wéyd-e-e-si | wéyd-o-o-te |
| 3 | wéyd-e-t | wéyd-o-nt | wḗyd-s-t | wéyd-s-nt | wéyd=h1és-t | wéyd=h1s-énd | wóyd-e | wid-ḗr | wéyd-e-e-ti | wéyd-o-o-nt |
| 1 | wḗytsō | wḗytsumi | wḗytsum | wéytsmi | wéyćəsum | wéyćuḿə | wóytsa | wićḿə | wḗytsē | wḗytsōmus |
| 2 | wḗyćis | wḗytsući | wḗyts | wéyćći | wéyćəs | wéyćə | wóytsta | wićə́ | wḗytsēśi | wḗytsōći |
| 3 | wḗyćit | wḗytsənt | wḗytst | wéytsənt | wéyćət | wéycēnt | wóyći | wicḗr | wḗytsēći | wḗytsōnt |