Nouns are primarily broken down into ten Cases:
This is used to mark the primary "actor" in a sentence, the one who is 'doing' the verb, or an active experiencer.
For an example of an active experiencer, the phrase "I_(AGE) listen" would be used for something like a student listening to a teacher, and actively engaging or using what they are saying.
This is used to mark the primary "observer" in a ssentence, the one who has the verb done to them, or a static experiencer.
For an example of a static experiencer, the phrase "I_(PAT) listen" would be used for something like listening to background noise, and not paying it much attention.
This is used to show a relationship between two nouns. This can be ownership, reference, description, composition, etc. As a rule of thumb, most things that can be reworded to be "X of the Y" in english, the Y would be in this case.
This is used for locations, which can be in, on, next to, surrounding, or nearby the noun that they modify, which should usually be made clear by context.
This is used for motion towards a noun.  This can mean onto, into, near, or nowhere near - but in the direction of it. For example, going towards the Orion Constellation in a boat would be in the Lative Case, though you are not actually getting to the Constellation. This is also commonly used as a Perlative Case, or motion via or through a noun, as in "go in the direction of X, and keep going". It can also mean the end point of an action, for example "he painted the house, finishing at the door"
Similar to Lative, this is used for motion away from a noun. This can mean that it started in or on the noun, but does not have to. It may also mark the starting point of an action, for example "He painted the house, starting from the door"
This answers the question "with what". This can be an instrument or tool, such as "I broke the window with a hammer, (I did it with the hammer) or show things that are alongside or in partnership with the primary noun, such as "I broke the window with John" (and john was there too)
This answers the question "Because of what".
This answers the question "for what". This can be the recipient of a noun, as in "I have a letter for John", or it can show who it is intended for, or who benefits from it.

These are usually marked by particles immediately following the noun, though these can also be hyphenated. It is, however, becoming more common for these to become suffixes instead, which abide by phonotactic rules.


Noun Classes
Class I: powerful, animate objects, stellar objects, deities, water, dangerous or useful animals, humans, stone irrational nouns
szo-/co-/s-/z-
Class II: weak, animate objects, earthly objects, plants, regular animals, things that are made from animals, strangers
ke-/ge-/ken-/gen-
Class III: inanimate objects, some irrational nouns
ba-/pa-/baw-/paw-

These prefixes will align with adjectives attached to the noun, and the verb & verb particles if the noun is the subject