The marbhabhānarājiya of Miar is a fuq. There are a number of known rule's, which have not yet been fully orderèd. Here they are in no particular order.
An unstressed schwa, -ə-, deletes if it is allowed to. Known conditions in which it is allowed to are:
|#RəC-| > [#ṚC-] (word-initially after a resonant)
|CəR{# C}| > [-CṚ{# C}] (preceding a coda resonant)
|CRəC| is maintained.
You can analyze syllabic resonants as due to a third vowel |ɨ|. Zero-grades are really |ɨ|-grades.
|ɨR{C #}| > [Ṛ{C #}]
|{C #}Rɨ| > [{C #}Ṛ]
ɨ > ə / VR_C, C_RV, or C_C if neither C is a resonant.
The prenasalized portions of stops don't count as resonants in the proto-language. Consider the following roots:
*plewt- 'run'
e-grade: *plewt-
a-grade: *plawt-
0-grade: *plɨwt- > *plut-
*gez- 'lick'
e-grade: *gez-
a-grade: *gaz-
0-grade: *gɨz- > *gez- (thus identical to the ə-grade)
/ɨ/ is never realized as [ɨ]. After a labialized consonant, unless before a resonant, it is realized as [u]; before a resonant, it causes the resonant to become syllabic; word-finally, it is deleted after stress assignment; otherwise, it is realized identically to schwa.
*ˀgʷet- 'to shine'
ə-grade: *ˀgʷet-
a-grade: *ˀgʷet-
0-grade: *ˀgʷɨt- > *ˀgut-
But note that this must apply *before* any ɨ-resonant coalescence. *kʷer- 'make, create':
ə-grade: *kʷer-
a-grade: *kʷar-
0-grade: *kur-
schwa insertion is a thing. possibly -CC# if neither C is an R?
- Tightly linked units - compounds, construct state + adjective sequences, and phrasal verbs - lose stress on the second constituent.
- The first syllable with intrinsic stress (including stress added by the floating stress of the construct state marker) takes the stress.
- Default stress assignment: penult if final is /ɨ/ or penult contains a coda cluster (i.e. VCCCV); final otherwise.
Stressed monosyllables are always lengthened. Stressed disyllables are lengthened on the stressed syllable if at least one underlying vowel is /ɨ/.
|terɨtɨmkʷɨmɨ|
|terɨtɨmkʷɨ́mɨ| - stress assignment (since no stress is specified, as is usually the case, it's either penultimate or final)
(length rule happens here)
|tertɨmkʷɨ́m| - schwi foocope
|tertɨmkúm| - labiovelar-schwi coalescence
(schwi resonant syllabization happens here)
|tertemkúm| - schwfoo merger
|tr̥tm̥kúm| - unstressed eR resonant syllabization
???
Schwa deletion
An unstressed schwa, -ə-, deletes if it is allowed to. Known conditions in which it is allowed to are:
|#RəC-| > [#ṚC-] (word-initially after a resonant)
|CəR{# C}| > [-CṚ{# C}] (preceding a coda resonant)
|CRəC| is maintained.
You can analyze syllabic resonants as due to a third vowel |ɨ|. Zero-grades are really |ɨ|-grades.
|ɨR{C #}| > [Ṛ{C #}]
|{C #}Rɨ| > [{C #}Ṛ]
ɨ > ə / VR_C, C_RV, or C_C if neither C is a resonant.
The prenasalized portions of stops don't count as resonants in the proto-language. Consider the following roots:
*plewt- 'run'
e-grade: *plewt-
a-grade: *plawt-
0-grade: *plɨwt- > *plut-
*gez- 'lick'
e-grade: *gez-
a-grade: *gaz-
0-grade: *gɨz- > *gez- (thus identical to the ə-grade)
The schwi
/ɨ/ is never realized as [ɨ]. After a labialized consonant, unless before a resonant, it is realized as [u]; before a resonant, it causes the resonant to become syllabic; word-finally, it is deleted after stress assignment; otherwise, it is realized identically to schwa.
*ˀgʷet- 'to shine'
ə-grade: *ˀgʷet-
a-grade: *ˀgʷet-
0-grade: *ˀgʷɨt- > *ˀgut-
But note that this must apply *before* any ɨ-resonant coalescence. *kʷer- 'make, create':
ə-grade: *kʷer-
a-grade: *kʷar-
0-grade: *kur-
Schwa insertion?
schwa insertion is a thing. possibly -CC# if neither C is an R?
Stress
- Tightly linked units - compounds, construct state + adjective sequences, and phrasal verbs - lose stress on the second constituent.
- The first syllable with intrinsic stress (including stress added by the floating stress of the construct state marker) takes the stress.
- Default stress assignment: penult if final is /ɨ/ or penult contains a coda cluster (i.e. VCCCV); final otherwise.
The bimoraic constraint
Stressed monosyllables are always lengthened. Stressed disyllables are lengthened on the stressed syllable if at least one underlying vowel is /ɨ/.
Rule ordering
|terɨtɨmkʷɨmɨ|
|terɨtɨmkʷɨ́mɨ| - stress assignment (since no stress is specified, as is usually the case, it's either penultimate or final)
(length rule happens here)
|tertɨmkʷɨ́m| - schwi foocope
|tertɨmkúm| - labiovelar-schwi coalescence
(schwi resonant syllabization happens here)
|tertemkúm| - schwfoo merger
|tr̥tm̥kúm| - unstressed eR resonant syllabization
Consonantal allophony
???