Grammar notes
Anthologica Universe Atlas / Universes / Karch's universe / Mhraic / Mhra / Grammar notes

Verbs



Verbs in Mhra mark for person and gender of the subject, tense (< Proto-Mhraic syllable-final particles), and aspect (< Proto-Mhraic adverbs, there's probably gonna be some derivational stuff as well)
There are also suffixes for 1st and 2nd person object and a detransitivizer (3rd person object is left unmarked.)

Ñaukh nkeatf.
[ˈŋáuk ˈngèat]
ñaukh n-ka^f-t
3SG 1.OBJ-hit-PRS
He hits me.

Kunb rkhvpyahtit.
[ˈkùun rɢəˈpyádɪt]
kuun r-qa-pyatu-t
child detr-cl1-be_big-prs
The child is big.

In Nargun and probably most other dialects as well adjectives are derived from verbs by nasalizing the first consonant and adding an etymological final consonant, if applicable (e.g. High Mhra pyátu "be big" but myátup "big") (< in Old Mhra adjectives were marked with suffixes of the form Can originating from the gender markers and the old copula, the nasal consonant however fused with stops since nasal + stop clusters weren't permissible, other mutations possibly by analogy?)

Nominalized verbs in Mhra behave weirdly, since the nominalizer's a recent Boorkhod loan - they still take person suffixes, if applicable, for example,

Npahmvñyvmp khmeafdvjtvn khvntyoatb.
[ˈnpáməŋjəmp ʡmèaɖ̥əɲdən ʜəˈndjòat]
n-pah-maN-yop-n kh-meafdvjvt-tan kh-ant-yop-t
1.OBJ-3M-say-REP-PST | 1SG-have.gay.sex-NMLZ(B) 1SG-COP-REP-PRS
He told me that I'm supposedly a sodomite.

There are several aspects on verbs - I should probably flesh them out but I'm lazy.

Pvñur khvñlvkmaontf.
[ɸəˈŋúr ʜəŋləˈkmàont]
pvNur kha-ñolvk-maon-t
school 1SG-go-HAB-PRS
I attend school.

There's also one evidential, marking events that happened within the eyesight of the speaker.

Mvpyab ñpvszubniñ ñvmyahtip tyahrcvnn.
[məˈpjàa ŋbəˈsɳùunɪŋ ɸəˈmjád̥ɪp ˈtjárɟən:]
mvpyaa NpvszubniN Na-myahtip t-yahr-cen-n
two.people tower 3INAN-big 3PL-build-EVID-PST
Two people were building a huge brick tower (and I saw it).


TODO: standardize gender markers - isn't ka- supposed to be the 1st person subject marker?
TODO: pluractionality is nice and would fit Mhra well

Syntax



demonstratives used to mark topic, focus marked with the -man suffix (itself deriving from a demonstrative) and sometimes backing

Dkahpmvni zamfrvñ ñmanf mkeantg?
Dkahpi wmanf zamfrvñ anth, Marftvnmvn.

[ˈʈkápmənɪ ˈɳàmrəŋ ˈŋmàn ˈmɡéɐ̯ⁿt || ˈʈkáb̥ɪ ˈβmàn ˈɳàmrəŋ ˈáⁿt | ˈmàrdn̩mən]
dkahp-man-u zamfrvñ ñmanf mkeanh-t
dkahp-u wmanf zamfrvñ anh-t | marftvn-man
city-this-GEN name CL4.this be.what-PRS
city-GEN CL1.this name COP-PRS | Marden-FOC
"What is this city called?"
"This city is called Marden."