Naruak [nəroak] is a mixed Mandteangic-Northern Western Ngakmea language. The city-state of Naruak was originally Northeastern Ngakmea-speaking, and used its own version of Kasean runes, but was conquered by the city-state of Mandteang [mənɗɯəŋ]. After 3 generations, language maintenance was at zero - only a few elders could speak Naruak proper, with the rest mixing it with Mandteang. It is at this time Naruak became independent, with documents once again being written in Naruak, or, rather, what became of it after generations of intensive Mandteang influence. These documents were (and are) however written in the Mandteang version of Kasean runes. These events happened some two centuries before present, so the language has evolved somehow, and in some cases reflects contrasts that were lost in Mandteang proper.

Phonology

p t c k ʔ
pʼ tʼ cʼ kʼ
b d ɟ ɡ
ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ
m n ɲ ŋ
s x h
w r l j

i ɯ u ɛ œ ʌ ɔ a
ii ɯɯ uu ee øø ɤɤ oo ɛɛ ʌʌ ɔɔ aa
iə ɯə uə ea ɤa oa

-p -t -c [ɕ] -k -ʔ
-m -n -ɲ -ŋ
-x -h
-w -r -l -j