The following is the grammar section of the earliest version of the Drydic Language, my first conlang which wasn't basically an English relex. Instead, it's a Latin relex trying to pretend it isn't![snip]
The Drydic Language: a short grammar
Nominal Declension
1st Declension: a-stems
| Sg | Pl
|
---|
Nominative | -as | -ai
|
Genitive | -oi | -alū
|
Ablative | -ād | -ūros
|
Dative | -ai | -ens
|
Accusative | -un | -ōs
|
Locative | -ī | -nūs |
2nd Declension: o-stems masc.
| Sg | Pl
|
---|
Nom. | -os | -az
|
Gen. | -ēk | -olū
|
Abl. | -y | -ūros
|
Dat. | -ai | -ens
|
Acc. | -em | -ēs
|
Loc. | -ī | -nūs |
Neuter
| Sg | Pl
|
---|
Nom. | -um | -ia
|
Gen. | -ēk | -olū
|
Abl. | -y | -ūros
|
Dat. | -ai | -ens
|
Acc. | -um | -ia
|
Loc. | -ī | -nūs |
3rd Declension: i-stems, n-, m-, r-, l-stems f/m
| Sg | Pl
|
---|
Nom. | -s (usually) | -ūs
|
Gen. | -is | -lū
|
Abl. | -e | -ibus
|
Dat. | -ai | -ens
|
Acc. | -om | -ūs
|
Loc. | -ī | -nūs |
Neuter
| Sg | Pl
|
---|
Nom. | —— | -a
|
Gen. | -i_is | -lū
|
Abl. | -“”e | -ibus
|
Dat. | -“”ai | -ens
|
Acc. | —— | -a
|
Loc. | -i_ī | -nūs |
Pronouns
1st Person
| Sg | Pl
|
---|
Nom. | ula | nōs
|
Gen. | mon | nōlu
|
Abl. | mel | nel
|
Dat. | mū | nū
|
Acc. | ulem | nōs
|
Loc. | mī | nōnūs |
2nd Person
| Sg | Pl
|
---|
Nom. | ta | kōs
|
Gen. | ton | kōlu
|
Abl. | tel | kel
|
Dat. | tū | kū
|
Acc. | tulem | kōs
|
Loc. | tī | kōnūs |
3rd Person
| Sg | Pl
|
---|
Nom. | ula | nōs
|
Gen. | mon | nōlu
|
Abl. | mel | nel
|
Dat. | mū | nū
|
Acc. | ulem | nōs
|
Loc. | mī | nōnūs |
3rd Person
| | Sg | | | Pl |
|
---|
| f | m | n | f | m | n
|
Nom. | sa | sē | to | sai | suī | tura
|
Gen. | soi | sai | soi | salū | solū | solū
|
Abl. | sel | sel | sel | sibus | sibus | sibus
|
Dat. | soi | sai | soi | salū | solū | solū
|
Acc. | sun | sem | to | sōs | sēs | tura
|
Loc. | sī | sī | sī | senūs | senūs | senūs |
Demonstrative Pronoun (suffix the -el- from the verbal inflection to form “that”)
| Sg | | Pl |
|
---|
| m/f | n | m/f | n
|
Nom. | or | ors | orōs | ora
|
Gen. | oris | iris | olu | oralu
|
Abl. | oru | irīm | orel | oral
|
Dat. | oru | irī | orū | orū
|
Acc. | orem | ors | orēs | ora
|
Loc. | orī | irī | ornūs | ornūs |
Verbal Conjugation
Levels of Evidentiality:
1.-ti- seen by the speaker
|
2.-el- seen by someone else
|
3.-sî- not seen, but it is probable |
Moods:
1.—- indicative
|
2.-a- subjunctive
|
3.-e- imperative |
Tenses:
1.-ba- Past
|
2.-ek- Future
|
3.-erī- Perfect
|
4.-erība- Past Perfect |
Moods:
1.—- indicative
|
2.-a- subjunctive
|
3.-e- imperative |
Personal Endings:
| | Active | | | Passive |
|
---|
| Sg | D | Pl | Sg | D | Pl
|
1st | -am | -esu | -(e)mus | -ar | -esur | -(e)mur
|
2nd | -es | -etel | -(e)tis | -eris | -etelo | -minī
|
3rd | -et | -emp | -ant | -etur | -emper | -antur |
Infinitives:
Active:-ai
|
Passive:-em
|
Past infinitive: | A: -erai
|
| P: -erem
|
Past Perfect Infinitive: A: Gerund + docai (to be) |
Gerunds:
1. stem + -as, -os, or -um. |
Gerundives:
1. stem + -(a)þeras, -(o)þeros, or -(o)þerum. |
Verbal Negative:
1.e- prefix negating the verb |
Verb Affixes:
1.-pe suffix indicating a question |
Auxillary Verbs:
- elai “to have” indicates the gender, person, and evidentiality of the object for Active Verbs; also a regular verb
- elem “to have been” indicates the same for passive verbs; is also a regular verb.
- docai “to be” indicates the gender, person, and evidentiality of the object for elai and elem.